First Knight

After returning to Cambridge in 1667, Newton was elected Fellow of Trinity College. Two years later he succeeded Barrow as Lucasian Professor. In 1696 Newton moved to London. He served first as Warden and from 1699 to his death in 1727 as Master of the Royal Mint. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London m 1671, and the President of this society in 1703, a position he retained for the rest of his life. He also semed two undistinguished terms as a Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge (1689-1690 and 1701—1702). He was knighted in Cambridge in 1705. 

The final paper in this collection is very recent and appeared in the International Journal of Quantum Chemistry where articles on Madelung s rule have previously been published. It was in this journal that its founder Per Olov Lowdin first drew attention to the fact that the rule had not yet been derived from quantum mechanics.24 More recently Allen and Knight published what they claimed provided just such a long-awaited derivation.25... 

One of the main benefits of the paper by Bent and Weinhold is a plausible explanation for the n + i rule which does not, at first sight, seem to suffer from the drawbacks of the explanations of Allen and Knight as well as Ostrovsky. However, the recent explanation by Bent and Weinhold comes at a certain cost as will be explained. 

The simplest indicator of conformation comes not from but the sedimentation concentration dependence coefficient, ks. Wales and Van Holde [106] were the first to show that the ratio of fcs to the intrinsic viscosity, [/ ] was a measure of particle conformation. It was shown empirically by Creeth and Knight [107] that this has a value of 1.6 for compact spheres and non-draining coils, and adopted lower values for more extended structures. Rowe [36,37] subsequently provided a derivation for rigid particles, a derivation later supported by Lavrenko and coworkers [10]. The Rowe theory assumed there were no free-draining effects and also that the solvent had suf-... 

The first person to identify the hydrogen ion as a component of all atoms was Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford had his hand in virtually every aspect of atomic research. By 1919, he had discovered alpha and beta rays, found a new element (radon), won a Nobel Prize for his work with radioactive elements, and demonstrated that atoms had nuclei. For good measure, in 1914, he was knighted. However, still more discoveries and honors awaited him. 

He smiled. I think you were born to be a queen. He poured us both more wine. Did you know it when you were a little girl No. I knew my fate would be as it first appeared to be the wife of some good knight. I drank. The Rhenish smelled of flowers. And so I was. Though sometimes my father would jest that my mother might indeed have been a queen by her first husband, were it not for— I stopped, but contrived to hold my face in the likeness of jesting. 

In friability tests the material s susceptibility to attrition is evaluated. But it is not as simple as it may seem at first to select the suitable test procedure. In this context Pell (1990) gave a simple thought experiment to illustrate the difficulties If we took a batch of rubber stoppers and a batch of diamonds, and rubbed them on abrasive paper, we would conclude that the diamonds were more attrition resistant. If we instead struck the particles with a hammer we would conclude that the rubber were more attrition resistant. So, different test methods can rank materials differently with respect to their attritability. This effect was for example observed by Knight and Bridgwater (1985). They subjected spray-dried powders to a compression test, a shear test and a test in a spiral classifier. They found that each test gave a different ranking of the materials. Obviously, there is no... 

This first example of the utility of quadrupolar nuclei as sources of information about nano-semiconductors showed that MAS-NMR could identify a poly type that is unstable in the bulk. A second example will show that information about changes in the electronic structure of nanocrystals as a function of synthesis and treatment conditions, as well as information about different polytypes, can be obtained via measurement of Knight shifts and chemical shifts. In this extensive study 69Ga... 

Alchemy did not enter mainstream Europe until the twelfth century. It is believed that the Knights Templar were among the first Westerners to be acquainted with alchemy. During the Crusades, the Knights Templar had adopted the teachings of the Druses, a mystical pagan sect within the Islamic world. In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Islamic empire in Spain lost territory to Christian rulers. With the help of Jews, who were able to act as intermediaries between the two cultures, Spain became a cultural melting pot. 

Jewish and Islamic scholars were invited to the court of Frederick II in Sicily, and the Knights of St. John opened communication with the East on the island of Rhodes. Due to this influx, Sicily, Spain, and southern France rapidly became multicultural communities. In these areas Jewish and other scholars began to translate Arabic and Greek texts into Latin, which made them available to the rest of Europe. One of the first of these texts was the Book of the Composition of Alchemy, translated into Latin by the Englishman Robert of Chester in 1144. By the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the art of gold-making was integrated into Western mystical philosophy. 

The conservative Scottish textile manufacturers were slow to adapt to this new dye, and the leadership of innovation went to French textile manufacturers by default. When Empress Eugenie of France wore mauve in public, it impressed Queen Victoria to wear mauve at her daughter s wedding, so there was a wave of enthusiasm for synthetic dye. Perkin became very successful in commerce, and gave up business for chemistry research later in life. Fie was knighted in 1906, at the 50-year anniversary of his discovery, and died in 1907. Mauve had a short commercial life, as its early success led to further experimentations that produced many better dyes, particularly in Germany. This marked the beginning of the synthetic dye industry, which was the first modern chemical industry. 

The technical working of massive platinum should be ascribed, however, to Thomas Cock, a brother-in-law of the platinum-refiner P. N. Johnson, rather than to Wollaston. Cock worked out the process in William Allen s laboratory at Plough Court and, at Allen s request, communicated it to Wollaston (51). According to G. Matthey, P. N. Johnson was the first to manufacture platinum on a commercial scale and the first to prepare a large and perfect sheet of the pure metal. James Lewis Howe has stated that Chabaneau s process was rediscovered by Knight and possibly also by Cock (72). 

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