First Applications Using Chemical Approaches in Human Doping Control

2 First Applications Using Chemical Approaches in Human Doping Control 

The early characterization of drugs, in particular of stimulants, was accomplished using microscopy, the determination of melting point and the corresponding refractive index of crystals (derived from various 

2 Methods Including Paper or Thin-layer Chromatography 

Diuretics represent a heterogeneous class of compounds however, most of them can be measured using conventional absorbance detectors such as UV-analyzers without further derivatization at reasonable detection limits of approximately 0.01-2.0 pg/mL. Increased sensitivity and/or selectivity was reported for the loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide as well as the potassium sparing diuretics amiloride and triamterene when using fluorescence detection due to the fact that numerous agents co-extracted with diuretics are visualized by means of UV but not fluorescence detection. 

Few analgesics such as morphine and related opiates have been prohibited in human sports, and all members of the class of analgesic therapeutics are not allowed for the treatment of competing animals. Hence, various methods using HPLC were established to determine the presence of these compounds in urine and blood samples, and comprehensive assays enabled the detection of 10-100 ng/mL of analytes such as morphine, ketoprofen, naproxen, 

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