Firefly luciferase structure

Baldwin, T. O. (1996). Firefly luciferase the structure is known, but the mystery remains. Structure 4 223-228. 

Conti, E., Franks, N. P., and Brick, P. (1996). Crystal structure of firefly luciferase throws light on a superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes. Structure 4 287-298. 

Ohmiya, Y., Hirano, T., and Ohashi, M. (1996). The structural origin of the color differences in the bioluminescence of firefly luciferase. FEBS Lett. 384 83-86. 

Figure 3. (a) The firefly luciferase bioluminescence reaction, (b) Structure of the specific substrate luciferin and the corresponding reaction product oxyluciferin. 

Fig. 16 Panel for ligand-attached PEG-siRNA conjugate through the acid-labile linkage system, a Chemical structure of Lac-PEG-siRNA conjugate, which is readily cleaved at the pH corresponding to that of the endosome (pH 5.5). b Evaluahon of RNAi activities against the firefly luciferase coded gene in cultured HuH-7 cells under various conditions. Normalized ratios between the firefly luciferase activity (firefly luc.) and the renilla luciferase activity (renilla luc.) are shown as ordinate ( = 3, SD)...

Glow luminescence techniques have been used extensively with luciferases as reporter genes in cell-based assays. An overview of such assays is given in Section 10.3.2 Reporter Assays below. Luciferases are enzymes which catalyze bio-luminescent reactions. Two forms are used as reporters, one originating from the firefly (firefly luciferase) and the other from Rmilla (Renilla luciferase). Due to their different origins, the enzyme structures and their respective substrates are quite different While Rmilla luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of coelenterazine, the substrate of firefly luciferase is the beetle luciferin, which is oxidized in the presence of ATP and Mg as depicted in Fig. 17. 

Franks NP, Jenkins A, Conti E, Lieb WR, Brick P. Structural basis for the inhibition of firefly luciferase by a general anesthetic. Biophys J 1998 75 2205-11. 

In conclusion it should be stressed that the approach proposed, which is based on the photo-physical concepts on the correlation between bioluminescence and structure of the emitter and which takes into account the contribution of three (rather than two) forms of the emitter to bioluminescence spectra, can be rather fruitful for analysis of bioluminescence spectra of different native and mutant firefly luciferases. 

Our results emphasize the importance of certain specific residues and regional structure in determination of bioluminescence color among firefly luciferases,8 i.e., in spite of differences in primary structure of firefly luciferases and variation in their color, some of conserved residues among different species are critical for color determination. 

Mutant MT2 shows significantly lower pH-sensitivity than WT. Since F14R was shown to lower bathochromic shift of the Photinus pyralis luciferase,4 the corresponding substitution F16L in MT2 should be responsible for this effect. The substitution I19T is unlikely to affect the active site judging from the crystal structure of firefly luciferase.5... 

Interaction of structure of protein globule and bioluminescence spectra of firefly luciferase 01IZV1670. 

Although no 3D stmcture for any 4CL is currently available, biochemical and 3D gramicidin S synthetase 1 (PheA) structural analyses of adenylate-forming enzymes, such as firefly luciferases, peptide synthetases (e.g., which... 

The 3D structural analyses of firefly luciferase (apo form, 2.0 A resolution), " gramicidin S synthetase 1 (PheA), complexed with AMP (107) and L-Phe (1) (1.9A resolution), " " as well as Acs complexed with adenosine-5 -propylphosphate (109) and CoA (106) (1.75 A resolution), " have established the presence of a two-domain architecture. In each case, a comparatively large N-terminal core domain is connected to a much smaller C-terminal cap domain by a solvated peptide linker, with the active site situated at the interface between the two domains. In addition, 3D structures of CBL " as a binary complex with 4-chlorobenzoyl-adenylate (4-CB-AMP) (111, Figure 23) and as a ternary complex with 4-chlorophenacyl-CoA (113) (aninert... 

L. of the phosphorescent coral (Renilla reni-formis) has M, 34,000, with 3 subunits (M, 12,000). [T.O. Baldwin Firefly luciferase the structure is known, but the mystery remains Structure 4 (1996) 223-228 E. Conti et al. Crystal structure of firefly luciferase throws light on a superfamily of adenylateforming enzymes Structure 4 (1996) 287-398]... 

DeWet, J. R., Wood, K., DeLuca, M., Helsinki, D., and Subramini, S. (1987) Firefly luciferase gene Structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7, 725-737. 

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