Fining behaviour

New batch compositions can be studied to see the effects on foaming, melting-in fining behaviour and to optimize a batch for fining. The use of alternative raw materials can be explored, as can the effect of furnace atmosphere on fining onset (temperature) or foaming. The equipment is well-suited to determine foam decay rates, or the fining onset temperature (for... 

A frequently used example of Oldroyd-type constitutive equations is the Oldroyd-B model. The Oldroyd-B model can be thought of as a description of the constitutive behaviour of a fluid made by the dissolution of a (UCM) fluid in a Newtonian solvent . Here, the parameter A, called the retardation time is de.fined as A = A (r s/(ri + s), where 7]s is the viscosity of the solvent. Hence the extra stress tensor in the Oldroyd-B model is made up of Maxwell and solvent contributions. The Oldroyd-B constitutive equation is written as... 

In 1964, two competing series of slender volumes appeared one, the Macmillan Series in Materials Science , came from Northwestern Morris Fine wrote a fine account of Phase Transformations in Comlen.ted Systems, accompanied by Marvin Wayman s Introduction to the Crystallography of Martensite Transformations and by Elementary Dislocation Theory, written by Johannes and Julia Weertman. The second series, edited at MIT by John Wulff, was entitled The Structure and Properties of Materials , and included slim volumes on Structure, Thermodynamics of Structure, Mechanical Behaviour and Electronic Properties. 

Lei, S., Shinnar, R. and Katz, S., 1971a. The stability and dynamic behaviour of a continuous crystallizer with a fines trap. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 17, 1459-1470. 

In conclusion, relative cost and relative behaviour towards different conditions of exposure lead to the use of zinc on parts on which thick films can be tolerated and for general industrial use, and of cadmium for fine-tolerance special applications, such as aircraft and instrument parts, required to withstand conditions include humid and marine atmospheres. 

Ideally the product is a fine-grained ceramic containing interlocking crystals with sizes ranging from less than 10 nm in transparent glass-ceramics to several micrometres, with a residual, usually small, glass content. The behaviour of the material is largely determined by the choice of the cry-... 

Due to the chemical structure, fimctionality and composition of their constituents, ordinary variations of the processing conditions as well as the quality of the raw materials have been observed to lead to changes of the fine structure which are often responsible of lower ageing resistence of the polymer. The data reported here correlate the morphology of some widely utilized epoxy matrices to the informations that can be obtained from the study of the sorption behaviours. 

Liquids of complex structure, such a polymer solutions and melts, and pseudo-homogeneous suspensions of fine particles, will generally exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour, with their apparent viscosities depending on the rate at which they are sheared, and the time for which they have been subjected to shear. They may also exhibit significant elastic... 

Fig. 10-10 Tritium section of the western Atlantic from 80 N to the equator versus depth (m). Vertical exaggeration is 2000 1. Horizontal scale is proportional to cruise track. (Reproduced with permission from H. G. Ostland and R. A. Fine (1979). Oceanic distribution and transport of tritium. In Behaviour of Tritium in the Environment" (Proceedings of a Symposium, San Francisco, 16-20 October 1978, IAEA-SM-232/67, pp. 303-314. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.)...

A particular shape of reactor, its specific internals, arrangements made because of special properties and/or behaviour of the reaction mixture, etc. are used as criteria to qualify a reactor. In fine chemicals manufacture two main groups of cylindrical reactors are in common use, viz. stirred-tank reactors with a small aspect ratio, and column reactors with a relatively large aspect ratio. Both types can be equipped with specific internals depending on process requirements. Researchers and designers are well acquainted with these reactors. A tendency to duplicate known equipment usually wins when considering the choice of reactor for a particular process. As a consequence, more and more stirred-tank reactors and column reactors are in use. 

Finely powdered cobalt can detonate spontaneously in air. Its behaviour depends on its surface texture. Raney cobalt is much more dangerous than Raney nickel, which is more commonly used (see nickel). 

The finely divided hydride produced by pyrolysis is pyrophoric in air, while synthesis from the elements produces a substantially air-stable product [1]. That prepared by reduction of butylmagnesium bromide with lithium tetrahydroalumi-nate is pyrophoric and reacts violently with water and other protic compounds [2], The hydride produced from magnesium anthracene has a very large specific surface area and is pyrophoric [3], In the context of use of the hydride for energy storage purposes, ignition and combustion behaviour of 100-400 g portions were studied, as well as the reaction with water [4],... 

McLaughlin PJ, Delevan CE, Carnicom S, Robinson JK and Brener J (2000). Fine motor control in rats is disrupted by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour, 66, 803-809. 

In this chapter, the discussion has centred on the redox behaviour of the cyclic systems of a limited range of metal ions. Nevertheless, the examples are of sufficient breadth to illustrate that the redox behaviour of a particular system usually depends upon a fine balance between kinetic, thermodynamic and structural factors in which both the nature of the central metal ion and of the cyclic ligand are major influences. Of course, such considerations are not restricted to macrocyclic systems - however, the latter have provided convenient models for the elucidation of a variety of redox behaviour - much of which is of relevance to other areas and, for example, to many of the natural redox systems. 

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