Fine differentiation

In the case of manic-depressive illness, the stimulant type of antidepressant drug may push the patient into the manic phase and make him a dangerous security risk. Hence, drug design must aim for a tranquilizing antidepressant. A fine differentiation must be made here between tranquiliza-tion and central depression. Obviously, central depressant properties would exacerbate the depressive phase of the disease. 

Evenly distributed phases idiomorphic alite rounded belite finely differentiated matrix scarce, small, free-lime crystals Optimized manufacturing conditions correcf chemical composition of raw feed, well mixed, no particles too coarse, satisfactory maintenance of sintering and cooling temperatures (Hofmanner, 1973)... 

Is has been found that the process of nitride formation begins with nitriding of a finely differentiated eutectic structure resulting in the formation of titanium nitride. Due to increase in volume caused by nitrogen absorption, dispersion of large particles of ferrotitanium along interphase boundaries occurs which leads to increase in speed of the process. 

In the case of the following stationary phases, a fine differentiation is possible. In the following sequence, the apolar character increases HyPURITY Cjg, Hypersil BDS = Inertsil ODS 3, Luna 2. 

In England, there has been growing concern about the inappropriateness of the Key Stage national curriculum tests for some children and yoimg people and, in particular, for those who are unlikely to achieve above level two at the end of Key Stage 4 (QCA/DfES, 2001). In response to this the P-scales have been developed and introduced into schools (DfES, 2006). The intention of this system has been to provide more finely differentiated outcomes for such students whilst at the same time allowing them to be assessed within the imified system of accountability that includes all learners. The purposes of P-scales are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 3. 

Two main operational variables that differentiate the flotation of finely dispersed coUoids and precipitates in water treatment from the flotation of minerals is the need for quiescent pulp conditions (low turbulence) and the need for very fine bubble sizes in the former. This is accompHshed by the use of electroflotation and dissolved air flotation instead of mechanically generated bubbles which is common in mineral flotation practice. Electroflotation is a technique where fine gas bubbles (hydrogen and oxygen) are generated in the pulp by the appHcation of electricity to electrodes. These very fine bubbles are more suited to the flotation of very fine particles encountered in water treatment. Its industrial usage is not widespread. Dissolved air flotation is similar to vacuum flotation. Air-saturated slurries are subjected to vacuum for the generation of bubbles. The process finds limited appHcation in water treatment and in paper pulp effluent purification. The need to mn it batchwise renders it less versatile. 

Flocculation is accelerated and higher overflow rates are achieved by external or internal recirculation of settled soflds into the feed which leads to the collection of fine particles by interception. Addition of conditioned fine sand to the feed induces separation by differential sedimentation, and sometimes increases overflow rates to 6—8 m/h. 

Glassification. Classification (2,12,26,28) or elutriation processes separate particles by the differences in how they settle in a Hquid or moving gas stream. Classification can be used to eliminate fine or coarse particles, or to produce a narrow particle size distribution powder. Classification by sedimentation iavolves particle settling in a Hquid for a predetermined time to achieve the desired particle size and size distribution or cut. Below - 10 fim, where interparticle forces can be significant, gravitational-induced separation becomes inefficient, and cyclone and centrifugation techniques must be used. Classification also separates particles by density and shape. Raw material separation by differential sedimentation is commonly used in mineral processiag. 

Latex Types. Latexes are differentiated both by the nature of the coUoidal system and by the type of polymer present. Nearly aU of the coUoidal systems are similar to those used in the manufacture of dry types. That is, they are anionic and contain either a sodium or potassium salt of a rosin acid or derivative. In addition, they may also contain a strong acid soap to provide additional stabUity. Those having polymer soUds around 60% contain a very finely tuned soap system to avoid excessive emulsion viscosity during polymeri2ation (162—164). Du Pont also offers a carboxylated nonionic latex stabili2ed with poly(vinyl alcohol). This latex type is especiaUy resistant to flocculation by electrolytes, heat, and mechanical shear, surviving conditions which would easUy flocculate ionic latexes. The differences between anionic and nonionic latexes are outlined in Table 11. 

Gas-Solid Mixtures Carlson, Frazier, and Engdahl [Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 70, 65-79 (1948)] describe the use of a flow nozzle and a square-edged orifice in series for the measurement of both the gas rate and the solids rate in the flow of a finely divided solid-in-gas mixture. The nozzle differential is sensitive to the flow of both phases, whereas the orifice differential is not influenced by the sohds flow. 

Soft solids, most of which are biological waste such as sewage, are difficult to convey up the beach. Annular baffles or dams have been commonly used to provide a pool-level difference wherein the pool is deeper upstream of the baffle toward the clarifier and lower downstream of the baffle toward the beach. The pool-level difference across the baffle, together with the differential speed, provide the driving force to convey the compressible sludge up the beach. This has been used effectively in thickening of waste-activated sludge and in some cases of fine clay with dilatant characteristics. 

The two states viz. disappearing mass of solute and number of erystals formed not only show opposing trends in time but also differ largely in magnitude. These attributes of the system together with the exponential form of nueleation kineties neeessitate very fine diseretization, whieh, eoupled with the faet that the differential equation eannot be solved off-line, would result in a very large and highly... 

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