Fill-factor Product

What we call the Responsivity fill factor product is normally written (and referred to) as just the responsivity H people rely on other communications (test plans, familiarity) to clarify the meaning. 

The fill factor is obtained by dividing the product of current and voltage measured at the power point by the product of short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage. The power point is the maximum product of the cell voltage and the photocurrent obtained on the I V plot (see Section 9.16.4.5). The open-circuit voltage is the potential of the illuminated electrode, where the short-circuit current (7SC) is zero. 

Fig. 9.7 Current-voltage characteristic of a photoanode showing maximum power point (Pmax)- The fill factor is given by the product Vp X Ip divided by the product of Voc and Isc-...

On the other hand, the sensitizer 25, which carries no protons, shows high open-circuit potential compared to complex 2, due to the relative negative shift of the conduction band edge induced by the adsorption of the anionic complex. However, as a consequence the short circuit photocurrent is lower. Thus, there should be an optimal degree of protonation of the sensitizer in order to maximize the product of short circuit photocurrent and open circuit potential, which along with the fill factor determines the power conversion efficiency of the cell. 

Fig. 11. Normalized efficiency and fill factor as a function of the electron pz product for electron back-diffusion into p+ layer (curve A and A ) and electron mirror at p -i interface (curve B and B ). 11 = 0, fi= 1.56, = 850 mV, and /-layer thickness — 0.6 pm.

By referring back to the I- V relationship in Eqs. (6) and (17) and Rs expressed in terms offix in Eq. (14), the fill factor and normalized efficiency, as shown in Fig. 11, are determined as a function of the electron /it product. These relationships shown in Fig. 11 could be tested by utilizing recent work by Faughnan, Moore, and Crandall in which the electron collection length in the cell s i layer at JT = Jx are determined from quantum efficiency measurements at various bias potentials applied to the cell (Faughnan et al., 1984). The collection length at V= 0 is a product of fix times the internal electric field and the internal field may be determined by the theory from the potential drop across Rs at JT = JK. Fill factor and efficiency data as a function of the fix product extracted from the electron collection length before and after extended cell illumination can be used to test this proposed model. 

Maximum output power (Pm) and fill factor (FF). Pm is the product of the current lm and voltage Vm at maximum output power ... 

Fig. 10.3 illustrates the current-voltage characteristics of a p-i-n sensor in the dark and in light. The photocurrent rapidly saturates in reverse bias when there is full collection of the incident absorbed photon flux. The photovoltaic properties in slight forward bias are characterized by the short circuit current J, the open circuit voltage, Vog, and the fill factor, F. The maximum power delivered by the device is the product of the three terms... 

From Fig. 7 the calculation of the power conversion efficiency rj can be derived only the fourth quadrant of the I-V curve represents deliverable power from the device. One point on the curve, denoted as maximum power point (MPP), corresponds to the maximum of the product of photocurrent and voltage and therefore power. The ratio between Vmpp mpp (or the maximum power) and Vqc he is called the fill factor (FF), and therefore the power output is written in the form Pmax = oc fsc FF- Division of the output power by the incident light power res ults in the power conversion efficiency rj ... 

The product factors which may need consideration include viscocity, cleanliness of fill, whether product froths or is corrosive, coefficient of expansion, volume to vacuity or ullage ratio, etc. Note that alcoholic based products have a higher coefficient of expansion than water, hence need a higher level of vacuity. Vacuity levels normally lie between 2% and 10%. Certain more volatile materials and chemical based products will create internal pressure according to the vapour pressure exerted for a given temperature. In certain instances, e.g. with peroxides, hypochlorites and similar products, pressure may be controlled by the use of venting closure systems. 

Fill factor (I F) The fill factor is a measure of the rectification of the device (essentially its squareness ). It is defined as the ratio of the maximum power (where the product of the current and the voltage is a maximum) of the device to the product of the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage. 

Expectedyie/dis the quantity of material or product that is expected to be produced at an intermediate or final stage of manufacture, allowing for unavoidable losses (including moisture) under normal but controlled manufacturing practice, and any deliberate over-fill of product into its unit containers. Expected yield may also be varied batch by batch to allow for factors such as actual moisture content where they are significant variables. 

The fill factor is defined as the ratio of the above product (Iph Vph)max> product of the cell short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage ... 

Non-ideal simulations satisfy the Danckweits boundary condition for the outlet concentration gradient. Real and ideal tubular reactor performance at various mass transfer Peclet numbers is compared when the product of the effectiveness factor, the interpeilet Damkohler number, and the catalyst filling factor is 5. 

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