Filaments for Textile Applications

Cellulose is one of the oldest materials used to produce fibers, filaments, and yams, from which fabrics of all kinds are manufacmred. Today s filament and yam production is a field for both natural and synthetic polymers [31]. All fibers used today have a compact microstracture and a very large aspect ratio. In contrast to these, Schmenk et al. [34] and Hacker et al. [35] produced an open porous, nanostmctured filament of cellulose aerogel for the first time using a sol-gel routine as described above for mmioliths and different spinning techniques. 

Fibers were formed using a wet spinning method. The hot cellulose solution was prepared as described above by the method of Jin [10] and modified by Hoepfiier [24]. 

The hot solution was filled into a thermally insulated injection device with a volume of 200 mL and pressed with 3 MPa through a spinneret with an aperture of 250 pm diameter directly into an ethanol bath. In doing so the filaments were cooled down. Below 80°C the viscous solution gels and gets a ceraceous consistency at room temperature. Cellulose was regenerated in an ethanol bath. The regenerated fibers were dried supercritically. 

The fibers are rather dense with a density of about 124 kg/m compared to monoliths made of 3 wt% cellulose. This fact is astonishing with respect to the sponge-like meso-pores 

Cellulose aerogels are at the beginning of intensive research and owing to their fascinating structure and properties they promise to have many applications. Various routes have been tested to produce aerogels. There is ample space for improvement and refinement as well as fundamental research on the kinetics of gelation in a solution of the flexible 

---

Different degrees of dyeability of staple fibers and filaments for textile applications seriously affect the constancy of product quality. This phenomenon has become more or less a matter of industrial production experience. Only a few... 

---