Figures combos

The serotonin 1A partial agonist buspirone, whose primary use is in generalized anxiety disorder, is also used as a popular augmenting agent for treatment-resistant depression, particularly in North America (serotonin 1A combo in Fig. 7—30). Its potential mechanism of action as an antidepressant augmenting agent is shown in Figures 7—31 to 7—33. 

FIGURE 7—35. Combination treatments for bipolar disorder (bipolar combos). Combination drug treatment is the rule rather than the exception for patients with bipolar disorder. It is best to attempt monotherapy, however, with first-line lithium or valproic acid, with second-line atypical antipsychotics, or with third-line anticonvulsant mood stabilizers. A very common situation in acute treatment of the manic phase of bipolar disorder is to treat with both a mood stabilizer and an atypical antipsychotic (atypical combo). Agitated patients may require intermittent doses of sedating benzodiazepines (benzo assault weapon), whereas patients out of control may require intermittent doses of tranquil-izing neuroleptics (neuroleptic nuclear weapon). For maintenance treatment, patients often require combinations of two mood stabilizers (mood stabilizer combo) or a mood stabilizer with an atypical antipsychotic (atypical combo). For patients who have depressive episodes despite mood stabilizer or atypical combos, antidepressants may be required (antidepressant combo). However, antidepressants may also decompensate patients into overt mania, rapid cycling states, or mixed states of mania and depression. Thus, antidepressant combos are used cautiously. 

FIGURE 7—40. Adrenergic combo 1 Bupropion plus norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI). Here the NE actions of bupropion are double-boosted by the NRI (either selective reboxetine or nonselective desipramine, maprotilene, nortriptyline, or protriptyline). Dopamine is single-boosted by bupropion only. 

FIGURE 7—41. Adrenergic combo 2 Bupropion can be combined with a stimulant such as d-amphetamine or methylphenidate. The stimulant will add a double dopamine boost to bupropion, which boosts dopamine in its own right. A single boost of norepinephrine from bupropion also is present. 

FIGURE 7—42. Adrenergic combo 3 The actions of bupropion at dopamine neurons can be double-boosted by a direct-acting dopamine D2 and D3 agonist such as pramipexole. Norepinephrine is also single-boosted by bupropion. 

FIGURE 7-43. Adrenergic combo 4 NRI plus d,/-amphetamine. In this case, the NRI action at NE is double-boosted by a mixture of amphetamine salts containing the / as well as the d form of amphetamine. The /-amphetamine causes NE release. In addition, DA will be single-boosted by the (/-amphetamine, which causes DA release. 

FIGURE 7—44. A baker s dozen of heroic combos of two antidepressants for treatment-resistant unipolar depression are shown here. Each individual-combination is explained in the figures that follow (Figs. 7-45 through 7-57). 

FIGURE 7-46. Heroic combo 2 High-dose venlafaxine plus NDRI (bupropion). Here, 5HT is single-boosted, NE is double-boosted, and DA is double-boosted. 

FIGURE 7—48. Heroic combo 4 High-dose venlafaxine plus stimulant. Here, 5HT and NE are single-boosted and DA is double-boosted. The stimulants could include (/-amphetamine, methylphen-idate, phentermine, or diethylpropion. It could also include direct-acting dopamine agonists such as pramipexole. 

FIGURE 7—49. Heroic combo 5 Venlafaxine plus nefazodone. Serotonin will be double-boosted to a certain extent by nefazodone alone. At any dose of venlafaxine, the boosting of serotonin will be considerably enhanced. This enhancement of nefazodone s serotonin action can also be replicated by SSRIs, but citalopram may be the best tolerated. At high doses of venlafaxine, there will be not only boosting of 5HT but also single-boosting of NE and maybe DA. 

FIGURE 7—50. Heroic combo 6 Mirtazapine plus SSRI. Here serotonin is double-disinhibited both by reuptake blockage and by alpha 2 antagonism NE is also single-boosted. 

FIGURE 7—54. Heroic combo 10 SSRI plus NRI. Here, 5HT and NE are both single-boosted. The preferred NRI is selective reboxetine, as there are no drug interactions. Nonselective TCAs that are preferential NRIs such as desipramine, maprotilene, nortriptyline, or protriptyline can be combined if plasma drug levels of the TCA are monitored, especially if fluoxetine or paroxetine is the SSRI chosen. 

FIGURE 7-55. Heroic combo 11 SSRI plus NDRI (bupropion). Here 5HT, NE, and DA are all single-boosted. 

FIGURE 7—57. Heroic combo 13 Nefazodone plus NDRI (bupropion). In this case, the serotonergic single boost of nefazodone is added to the NE and DA single boost of bupropion. 

FIGURE 9—2. Various treatments can be given in combination for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (i.e., OCD combos). The basis of all combination treatments is a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or clomipramine. Added to this basis may be a serotonin 1A partial agonist, a serotonin 2A antagonist, lithium, a benzodiazepine or a sedative-hypnotic, a conventional antipsychotic or an atypical antipsychotic, or behavioral psychotherapy. 

FIGURE 11-52. Positive symptom pharmacy. First-line treatment of positive symptoms is now atypical antipsychotics (SDA), not only for schizophrenia but also for positive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder, Alzheimer s disease, childhood psychoses, and other psychotic disorders. However, conventional antipsychotics (D2) and benzodiazepines (BZ) are still useful for acute intramuscular administration (in case of emergency), and D2 for monthly depot injections for noncompliant patients, as well as for second-line use after several atypical agents fail. Clozapine (C), polypharmacy, and combinations (combos) are relegated to second- and third-line treatment for positive symptoms of psychosis. 

Figure 31 PARC 352 SoftCorr HI Potentiostatic technique combo box.

Figure 36 PARC 352 SoftCorr III Potentiodynamic technique combo box window.

Figure 15-1. Examples of categories of figure art (A) line art, (B) halftone or continuous-tone art, (C) grayscale line art, and (D) a combo.

As mentioned in the earlier section, Types of Figure Artwork , a photograph that has a simple measuring scale or a few single-letter labels can be adequately handled like other halftones. However, if the photograph (or other halftone artwork) must be accompanied by text to convey meaning, then you should prepare a combo. 

Biochemistryland is a biochemical amusement park. As seen from high in the air in figure 1.1, Biochemistryland consists of a number of sections THE MAIN POWER HOUSE, CARBOHYDRATELAND, LIPIDLAND, THE AMINO ACID MIDWAY, THE DNA FUNHOUSE, PORPHY S HEMELAND, COMBO CIRCLE, and an INFIRMARY. A closer look (fig. 1.2) reveals finer de-tails, such as interconnections between the sections and subdivisions of the sections themselves. 

Figures 9D and IOC show COMBO and CONSENSUS analyses, respectively, of the nine domains classified as class G amphipathic helices. Consistent with the lack of charged residue clustering, the only consensus feature identified is a cluster of four Leu residues on the nonpolar face. It is apparent from Table III that the class G amphipathic helices have a high mean hydrophobic moment and a moderately high nonpolar face hydrophobicity. A typical example of a class G amphipathic helical domain from apoE[9I-l 16] is shown in Fig. 8E and F.

FIGURE 16.6 Rare variant of prostate adenocarcinoma (A) showing aberrant expression of p63 (but not high-molecular-weight cyto-keratin [HMWCK]). Note nuclear positivity for p63 in tumor glands in B (combo p63 and 34f E12) and C (p63). The tumor is negative for HMWCK (D). 

Thanks to the 20-kWh lithium-ion battery (shown in Figure 10.19), the Spark EV is expected to provide an excellent range performance in its segment. The Chevrolet Spark EV will be the first EV to offer SAE Combo DC fast charging capability enables this EV to reach 80% battery charge in just 20 min. A full standard recharge takes 7 h on a 240-V charger. 

Figure 22. Molecular Sophe Graphical User Interface showing the Add Bond window. Note the atom eontaining unpaired electrons occurs in the left hand combo box. In this example Fel is the atom containing unpaired electrons.

Figures 6.114-6.117 show dialog boxes to create and format Web Controls listed in Fig. 6.98 Text box, Check box, List box/combo box and Radio button group. Submit button was discussed previously (see Sect. 6.8.3).

Figures 6.116 and 6.117 shows two ways of setup Radio Button Group and List/Combo Box - see the check box Values equal Names. In the first case (Fig. 6.116) the value connected with the Combo Box or with the List (our unitP) receives a text name keeping in the corresponding cell of the Name column and in the second case (Fig. 6.117), the value (number or text) from the cell of the Value column. Unfortunately, a user cannot type there a built-in variable or an expression but only constants. In the non-Web analogues of the Radio button and the List box, such a formatting, through programming in one of the BASIC versions, in VBS (Visual Basic Script) appear in Fig. 6.118.

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