Field Applications and Lessons Learned

Documented field applications provide invaluable information to design, assess, and further develop electrochemical remediation technologies. Over 75 field applications have been implemented in Europe, while few field applications have been implemented in the USA. The field demonstration and full-scale field implementation projects in other countries are being initiated. 

The following field applications of electrochemical remediation have been reported addressing metal pollutants (Chapter 29)  

Overall, the field applications demonstrate that the electrokinetic treatment is an adequate tool for the remediation of polluted sites with heavy metals. However, 

A well-documented field application of electrochemical remediation is reported to address the problem of chlorinated solvent (TCE) in clay soil at the DOE site in Paducah, Kentucky. This process is known as Lasagna (Terran Corporation, Beavercreek, OH) and it combines the electro-osmotic transport of TCE in pore water and degrades it in vertical curtains installed along the flow path within the soil that are filled with iron filings and kaolin clay. Pore water accumulated at the cathode is recycled by gravity back to the anode as makeup water and neutralize the acid formed at the anode. Overall, the treatment is found to be effective. The implementation and performance results are presented in detail in Chapter 30. The same Lasagna process is implemented very recently at another site contaminated with TCE in Fonde du Lac, Wisconsin, and performance is being monitored (Chapter 30). 

Over 75 full-scale field systems are implemented in Europe, predominantly in the Netherlands. Chapter 33 presents the generalized procedures followed for the 

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