Fibrous material degradation

The non-fibrous components are first mixed together and the fibrous materials are then added. The properties of components are critically dependent on the mixing procedures since these will affect dispersion and fibre degradation. 

Degradation is breakage of a chemical bond or functional chemical group with associated loss of physical properties (Fig. 13.14). Ageing of the fibrous material occurs with two modes of bio-erosion, which are sensitive to fibers section and material... 

In summary, all of the studies discussed show that CSM ([NaCa(P03)3] ) fiber is biologically degradable and at the concentrations studied in intratracheal instillation and inhalation studies produce a minimal histological response. The toxicity of the fibrous material appears to be directly related to the durability and dimensions of the fiber (Stanton et al., 1977,1981 Kuschner, 1987). Thus the present study suggests that CSM ([NaCa(P03)3] ) fiber should have a low chronic toxicity potential since the fiber appeared to be nondurable in biological systems. ... 

Thus, basing on the data obtained, one rrray conclnde that, firstly, PCA fibers of 0.3 tex fineness are more accessible for microorganisms secondly. Bacillus subtilis kl strain can be used to utilize PCA fibrous materials thirdly, polarographic analysis has proven the mechanism of PCA fibrons material degradation with ACA liberation. As a consequence, suggested Bacillus subtilis kl strain VKM No.V-1676D... 

The quality tests are of greater value in evaluation of fibrous raw materials for manufacture of cellulose derivatives. The tests do, in a general way, serve to show the presence of grossly hydrolyzed, over oxidized, or otherwise seriously degraded materials. Products of such poor quality, however, are not normally to be expected from modem manufacturing practices the resulting deficiency in the necessary strength properties would preclude use in most paper products. 

Alternative uses of EEB have been investigated and results have shown that they are suitable as a mulching material for oil palm. The EFB are fibrous in nature and have a high moisture content (about 60%). The application of EFB in the interrows of palm avenues has been shown to improve oil palm growth and yield performance. When applied onto the soil surface, the EFB undergoes a degradation process that will yield organic matter and slowly release plant nutrients for crop uptake. 

---