Fibroblasts producing colony stimulating factors

Table 5.1. Many cell types are capable of producing a whole range of interleukins. T lymphocytes are capable of producing all the ILs, with the possible exception of IL-7 and IL-15. Many cell types producing multiple ILs can also produce additional cytokines, e.g. both macrophages and fibroblasts are capable of producing several ILs, colony stimulating factors (CSFs) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)...

Sometimes PD properties are common across species, thus allowing for pertinent toxicity data to be collected from a variety of species. An example of this is granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a cytokine produced by various cells including monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells that regulates the production of neutrophils within the bone marrow, influences neutrophil proliferation and differentiation, and contributes to increased phagocytic function, respiratory burst, and antibody-dependent killing. Keller... 

After binding and phagocytosis, alveolar macrophages and monocytes release pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. lL-1, interferon-y and tumor necrosis factor-a (fig. 1). These cytokines activate resident cells (epithelial cells, fibroblasts) to produce chemokines such as lL-8, granulocyte-monocyte-colony-stimulating factor, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) that will result in a second wave of cell recruitment (mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells). 

ZIO. Zucali, J. R., Morse, C., and Dinarello, C. A. The role of protein kinase C in interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induction of fibroblasts to produce and release granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity. Exp. Hematol 18, 888-892 (1990). 

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