Fibre Engineering Plastics

Abstract Because of numerous advantages such as excellent properties, varied modification and processing, PLA has wide applications as packaging, fibre, engineering plastic, disposable ware and adhesive. In this chapter, the applications of PLA in die five fields of commodity and industry as mentioned above are discussed. In addition, the modification and processing methods of PLA as well as prospects of its application are analyzed. 

While plastics processing has been of minor importance for today s production of the internal combustion engine and its respective drive system, this sector will become highly relevant if hydrogen is stored on board. A thin-walled aluminium storage sheeted by a carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic has been assumed for the above-shown structural changes in industry. 

Molecular weights (number average) in the range of 20 000 to 35 000 [88] are achieved in the melt phase and are used for fibre and engineering plastics applications. For some injection moulding and extrusion applications, molecular weights above 40 000 [88] are required. Such high valves are best achieved by SSP. 

The properties of unidirectional composites in the fibre direction can compete with those of current metals and alloys. The highest-performance engineering plastics compete with magnesium and aluminium alloys. 

DSM Pharmaceuticals Inc DSM Anti-lnfectives DSM Dyneema DSM Engineering Plastics DSM Elastomers DSM Fibre Intermediates DSM Resins... 

Plastics and Fibres - polystyrenes, polyurethanes, engineering plastics, nylon fibres and chemicals, polyolefins ... 

P. T. Curtis (1988). CRAG test methods for the measurement of engineering properties of fibre reinforced plastics. 3d ed., RAE TR 88012. ... 

Explosive articles include a wide variety of devices or tools that employ explosives which on initiation produce a sudden, powerful expansion of gases used to some mechanical advantage drive turbines, move pistons, shear bolts and wires, operate pumps, and start engines. Often, these articles contain an explosive cartridge, an explosive charge encased in a cartridge case made of metal, fibre, paper, plastic, or other material. 

Favourable specific mechanical properties of continuous fibre-reinforced plastics have made them attractive materials for application to many engineering structures. 

L S Norwood, Blister formation in glass fibre-reinforced plastic prevention rather than cure . Proceedings 1st International Conference, Polymers in a Marine Environment, Institute of Marine Engineers, London, October/November 1984, paper 4, pp 23-29. 

The nylon market can be divided into two segments resin products and fibre products. The total consumption of nylon in Western Europe was 913,000 tons in 1993, of which 560,000 tons were fibre products divided among textiles, carpets, and industrial fibre [22]. The total annual nylon consumption, as well as that of other engineering plastics, is small compared to that of high-volume commodity thermoplastics for example, the consumption of LLDPE/LDPE for 1993 was 5,548,000 tons [22]. Engineering plastics therefore constitute a minor share of the total plastics waste. Nevertheless, for an environmentally responsible company it is necessary to develop a clear strategy for the recycling of products and to help their clients do the same. 

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was first introduced as a synthetic fibre when flameretarded by grafting with bromostyrene. Later PET and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) emerged as engineering plastics, so that their more effective flame-retardance became of crucial importance. Diphenyls and diphenyl oxides at different degrees of bromination as well as brominated polymeric flame-retardants have been proposed (e.g. PBB-PA, Dead Sea PO 64 P, Great Lakes.) ... 

Terephthalic acid forms linear polyesters with diols. Saturated linear polyesters are thermoplastics to be processed into fibres, films, and more recently, into engineering plastics by injection moulding and blow moulding. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate) are the most important representatives of thermoplastic polyesters. Possibilities for their flame-retardance are discussed in Section 5.I.3.4. 

PR-5104 containing 66% bromine is a dust-free, 100% active FR masterbatch for engineering plastics. It is based on the company s experience of high-molecular weight polymeric brominated FRs as carriers. This material provides good processibility, high temperature resistance and outstanding compatibility between fibre reinforcement and the resin matrix. 

---