Fiber efficiency parameter

In this expression, is a fiber efficiency parameter that depends on V and the EflE ratio. Its magnitude will be less than unity, usually in the range 0.1 to 0.6. Thus, for random-fiber reinforcement (as with oriented-fiber reinforcement), the modulus increases with increasing volume fraction of fiber. Table 16.2, which gives some of the mechanical... 

K2 is the CF efficiency parameter, which is equal to 1 for continuous aligned fibers in the direction of alignment, as is the case here. 

Z the diffusion parameter defined in Eq. (8.36), dimensionless a packing density defined as the volume of fiber per unit volume of filter bed, dimensionless rj collection efficiency, dimensionless... 

Figure 3.5.15 gives a particularly instructive example [33, 34], It refers to Sn as anode material that even in the form of (commercial) nanopowders does not show a useful cyclability. This is in sharp contrast to the morphology shown in Figure 3.5.15. The morphology leads to optimization by improving not less than seven battery-relevant parameters (1) Sn particles are mechanically decoupled and do not suffer from pulverization upon volume change on cycling. (2) Carbon provides an efficient way of electron transport along the fiber to the tin particle. (3) Li+...

At the gin, baled cotton is sampled so that grade and other quality parameters can be determined and the cotton is classed at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) classing offices. Classification is a way of measuring the fiber quality and physical attributes of this natural product that affect the manufacturing efficiency and quality of the finished product (see Chapter 8). Cotton bales are usually stored in warehouses prior to going to the textile mill [42]. 

Figure 12.10. Parameters governing light collection from an n-around-1 probe, which are also used in most theoretical calculations of probe efficiency r represents a point within the overlap of the excitation light and the numerical aperture of the collection fiber(s). The signal may be predicted by integrating Eq. (2.19) over the entire overlap region, taking into account the laser power density and the distance from the collection fibers.

Process parameters of importance for mist and fume control include measures to minimize the moisture content of the combustion air fed to the phosphorus burners. A high moisture content in this gas stream tends to increase mist formation. Solid phosphorus pentoxide has been found to be very difficult to dissolve in either water or phosphoric acid. This prompts temperatures in the hydrator to be maintained high enough so that absorption takes place from the vapor phase. Further studies have shown that uptake of phosphorus pent-oxide vapor in 70% phosphorus acid is only about 60% and climbs with increasing acid concentrations up to about 88% phosphoric acid. Operating with two fiber beds operated in series, the first bed as an agglomerator, and the second as a collector, can also efficiently control mists and fumes from furnace acid plants [30]. Mass containment efficiencies of better than 99.9% were reported for a median aerosol particle diameter of 1.1 to 1.6 fim. 

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