Fiber actuator

Arora, S., Development of dielectric elastomer based protot)fpe fiber actuator. Masters thesis submitted to North Carolina State University, July 2005. 

Naciri J, Srinivasan A, Joen H, Nikolov N, Keller P, Ratna BR (2003) Nematic elastomer fiber actuators. Macromolecules 36 8499... 

Arora S, Ghosh T, Muth J (2007) Dielectric elastomer based prototype fiber actuators. Sens Actuators A 136 321... 

Lu et al. [Ill] later reported on the development of solid-state electrochemical linear actuators with a polyaniline yarn-in-hollow fiber configuration using an ionic liquid electrolyte. These yarn-in-hollow fiber actuators, which were constructed using a triflic acid-doped polyaniline solid fiber inserted into a triflic acid-doped polyaniline hollow liber. A porous polyacrylonitrile insert separated the two electrodes, which contained the [BMIM] [Bp4] electrolyte (Figure 2.27). It was demonstrated... 

Recently, high-quality nanotube thin fibers and yarns were realized by the University of Texas at Dallas (Fig. 6.106) [279]. These results may open new investigations towards CNT fiber actuators. 

Fig. 11a. Tension-length dependence of callogen fiber in LiBr b. contractile fiber-actuated turbine in side view Fiber tension builds up on cylindrical spindle sections between (A) and (B) at constant specific length. Stepwise contraction occurs between (B) and (C) as the fiber helix descends the conical portions of the spindles (D)...

Vidal et al. demonstrated linear actuators eonsisting of an interpenetrating network (IPN) matrix in whieh 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was chemically polymerized, leading to the formation of a PEDOT gradient similarly to the trilayer deviee (Vidal et al. 2006). The resulting IPN aetuator showed linear displacement of 0.87 mm in air under 3.5 V. Furthermore, IPN hollow fiber actuator operated in air with linear strains up to 3 % and forces above 300 mN (Plesse et al. 2010). 

Bariain, C Matias, I.R., Fdez-Valdivielso, C Elosiia, C Luquin, A., Garrido, J. and Laguna, M. (2005) Optical fiber sensors based on vapochromic gold complexes for environmental applications. Sensors and Actuators B, 108, 535—541. 

Volatile alcoholic compounds fiber optic nanosensor. Sensors and Actuators B, 115, 444- 9. 

Elosua, C., Bariain, C., Matias, I.R., Arregui, F.J., Luquin, A., Vergara, E. and Laguna, M. (2008) Indicator immobilization on Fahry-Perot nanocavities towards development of fiber optic sensors. Sensor and actuators B, 130, 158-163. 

This demand for new devices initiated worldwide research and development programs in the field of "sensors and actuators". Many generic sensor technologies were examined, from which the thin- and thick-film, glass fiber, metal oxides, polymers, quartz and silicon technologies are the most prominent. 

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Gautier S., Blum L.J., Coulet P.R., Alternate determination of ATP and NADH with a single bioluminescence-based fiber-optic sensor, Sensor Actuat B-Chem 1990 1 580. 

Schwotzer G. et. al., Optical sensing of hydrocarbons in air or in water using UV absorption in the evanescent field of fibers, Sensors Actuators B 1997 38 150-153. 

M. Chomat, D. Berkova, V. Matejec, I. Kasik, G. Kuncova, The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the detection of aqueous solutions of toluene by means of an inverted graded-index fiber, Sensors Actuators B 2003 90 151-156. 

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Beyer T., Hahn P., Hartwig S., Konz W., Scharring S., Katzir A., Steiner H., Jakusch M., Kraft M., Mizaikoff B.,, Mini spectrometer with silver halide sensor fiber for in situ detection of chlorinated hydrocarbons, Sensors Actuators B, 2003 90 319 - 323. 

Jorgenson R.C., Yee S.S., A fiber-optic chemical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance, Sensors and Actuators B 1993 12 213-220. 

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