Fetotoxicity stillbirths

Administration of separate isomeric forms of BHC (a, 6) produced liver tumors and lung metastases in mice, whether bred for a low or high incidence of spontaneous tumors (ref. 100). Effects of BHC reported on exposed humans Include liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis in 8 workers also cases of aplastic anemia and leukemia (ref. 100, p. 157). Animal studies to date focused primarily on the reproductive effects of lindane are both insufficient and inconclusive. Earl et al. reported fetotoxic effects (stillbirths, perinatal deaths) in beagles (ref. 

In two studies (SEDA-6, 9), there was a relation between caffeine consumption and fetotoxicity. In one, a high rate of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and prematurity at birth was associated with ingestion of more than 600 mg of caffeine per day by either the mother or the father. In the other, a daily intake of more than eight cups of coffee by the mother increased the frequency of congenital malformations. 

This chapter presents the toxicological evidence for lead as a potent reproductive and intrauterine developmental toxicant. Sections of the chapter deal with male and female gametotoxicity, embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and various gross indices of fetal injury such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal survival. Prenatal developmental effects as they affect the whole organism are presented here, while prenatal effects on various systems and organs are discussed in system- and organ-specific chapters. For example, developmental neurotoxicity of lead as it occurs in utero is discussed in Chapter 12. 

Oliver s (1911) cumulative tabulations of the fetotoxic consequences of various workplace lead exposures in pregnant women (Table 14.1) depict two- to threefold higher spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths in married women in the lead trades versus housewives who did not... 

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