Fescue toxicosis

Blodgett DJ, Fescue toxicosis, The Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice 17 567-577, 2001. 

Cross DL et al. Equine fescue toxicosis Signs and solutions,/A z>w SciTi-S>33— 908, 1995. 

Paterson J et al, The effects of fescue toxicosis on beef cattle productivity, JAnim i A 73 889-898, 1995. 

Aiken GE et al, Influence of protein supplementation and implant status on alleviating fescue toxicosis,/Awitw Sci 79 827—832, 2001. 

Porter JK, Thompson FN Jr Effects of fescue toxicosis on reproduction in livestock. J Animal Sci 1992 70 1594. [PMID 1526927]... 

Endophyte infected fescue toxicosis 80 Thyroid gland 80 References 82... 

Environmental toxins can affect the brain and its hormone production. Fescue toxicosis is one such disease. 

Redmond L M, Cross D L, Strickland J R et al 1994 Efficacy of domperidone and sulpiride as treatments for fescue toxicosis in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research 55 722-729... 

Purified reserpine was one of the first of the modem tranquillizers, acting by reducing 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations, but it was associated with severe side-effects in humans. Low-dose oral reserpine (5 mg) has been used in the treatment of postpartum mares with agalactia caused by fescue toxicosis and resulted in semm reserpine concentrations that were below the... 

Cross D L 1997 Fescue toxicosis in horses. In Bacon C W, Hill N S (eds) Neotyphodium/grass interactions. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 289-309... 

Domperidone 1.1 mg/kg, once daily for fescue toxicosis and milk letdown 1.1 mg/kg, once daily to advance ovulation in transitional mares 0.44 mg/kg, once daily to advance ovulation in transitional mares 0.02 mg/kg, 3, 9 and 15 h postop for ileus p.o. p.o. s.c. i.v. 

Tall fescue grass contains an endophyte fungus (Neotyphodium coenophialum). Signs of fescue toxicosis in cattle that have been reported are increased body temperature, fescue foot, reduced weight gain, fat necrosis, diminished milk production and serum prolactin, and reduced reproductive performance (Schmidt and Osborn, 1993 Porter and Thompson, 1992 Thompson and Stuedemann,... 

Paterson et al., 1995). Tall fescue toxicosis causes millions of dollars of loss in the animal industry and therefore has been studied extensively. 

Agalactia. The effects of endophyte consumption on milk production varies among species. Cattle (Strahan et al., 1987 Porter and Thompson, 1992 Schmidt and Osborn, 1993), sheep (Stidham et al., 1982), and mice (Zavos et al., 1988) have been shown to have reduced milk yields, whereas horses (Monroe et al., 1988 Fig. 4) and rabbits (Daniels et al., 1984) exhibit reduced milk yields or complete agalactia. The connection between tall fescue toxicosis and... 

There is evidence to suggest that the effects of E+ fescue are greatly reduced if mares are withdrawn from E+ pastures at least 30 days prior to expected foaling (Taylor, 1993). Brendemuehl (1995) arrived at similar conclusions. However, most veterinarians recommend removal of mares from E+ pastures from 30 and up to 90 days prior to expected foaling with this approach, red bagging and the other signs of fescue toxicosis are greatly minimized. 

Mechanism of Action of Domperidone for Treating Equine Fescue Toxicosis... 

Domperidone s action as a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist prevents the ergot alkaloids from mimicking dopamine s actions. The most apparent action of dopamine and the ergot alkaloids of fescue is their prolactin-lowering effect. With administration of domperidone to E+ mares, prolactin is returned to normal levels and even increased above normal levels in most instances (Redmond et al., 1993). Certainly prolactin is a major player in equine fescue toxicosis, but as is... 

Cross DL. Fescue toxicosis in horses. In Bacon CW, Hill NS, eds. Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. New York and Fondon Plenum Press, 1997. 

Cross DF, Redmond FM, Strickland JR. Equine fescue toxicosis signs and solutions. J Animal Sci 73 899-908, 1995. 

Cross DL, Anas K, Bridges WC, Chappell JH. Clinical effects of domperidone on fescue toxicosis in pregnant mares. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 45 203-206, 1999. 

Irwin JW. The effect of a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist on fescue toxicosis in beef cattle. PhD dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 1997. 

Redmond LM, Cross DI, Strickland JR, Kennedy SW. Efficacy of domperidone and sulpiride for fescue toxicosis in horses. Am J Vet Res 55 722-729, 1994. 

Thompson FN, Stuedemann JA. Pathophysiology of fescue toxicosis. Agric Ecosyst Environ 44 263-281, 1993. 

Shelby RA. Alabama report. Proceedings Tall Fescue Toxicosis Workshop (SRIEG-37), Atlanta, GA, 1991, pp 18-19. 

Strickland JR, Oliver JW, Cross DL (1993) Fescue toxicosis and its impact on animal agriculture. Vet Hum Tox 35 454-464... 

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