Nitrogenous fertilizer

Ammonium Sulfate. Historically ammonium sulfate was important as a fertilizer. However, since the introduction of ammonium nitrate and urea, the relative importance of ammonium sulfate worldwide has steadily decreased. In the year ended June 30, 1990, ammonium sulfate furnished only about 4% of the fertilizer nitrogen used in the United States (Fig. 3) and worldwide (Fig. 6). 

Capacity, Production, and Consumption. Ammonia production has worldwide significance about 85% of the ammonia produced is used for nitrogen fertilizers. As the primary source of fertilizer nitrogen, it is key to solving world food production requkements. The remaining 15% goes into various industrial products such as fibers, animal feeds, explosives, etc. 

Table 10. Global Ammonia Capacity and Fertilizer Nitrogen Consumption, 10 t of Elemental Nitrogen ...

Ammonium nitrate fertilizer incorporates nitrogen in both of the forms taken up by crops ammonia and nitrate ion. Fertilizers (qv) containing only ammoniacal nitrogen are often less effective, as many important crops tend to take up nitrogen mainly in the nitrate form and the ammonium ions must be transformed into nitrate by soil organisms before the nitrogen is readily available. This transformation is slow in cool, temperate zone soils. Thus, ammonium nitrate is a preferred source of fertilizer nitrogen in some countries. 

Analysis grade refers to the primary nutrient content of a fertilizer. Nitrogen content is expressed as % elemental N. Phosphoms content is expressed as % P2O5, and potassium as % K2O, given in the order N—P—K. 

Fertilizer nitrogen is usually applied in the spring, but to assess its overall contribution to the nitrate problem we need to consider what happens not only in the period between its application and the harvest of the crop but also after harvest. 

Percentage of labelled fertilizer nitrogen left in soil at harvest, and percentage increase in soil mineral nitrogen at harvest caused by fertilizer ... 

The fertilizer nitrogen in the soil organic matter was assumed to be remineralized in subsequent years according to the following pattern 10% in the first year, 3% of the remainder in the second year, and 1% of the remainder in each of all subsequent years. 

AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILIZER (NITROGEN/POTASH OR PHOSPHATE) 2071 ... 

D. S. Powlson, Measuring and minimising losses of fertilizer nitrogen in arable agriculture. Nitrogen Efficiency in Agricultural Soil. (D. S. Jenkinson and K. A. Smith, eds.), Elsevier, Oxford, 1988, p. 231. 

D. M. Crawford and P. M. Chalk, Mineralization and immobilization of soil and fertilizer nitrogen with nitrification inhibitors and solvents. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 559 (1992). 

Adviento-Borbe MA, Pittelkow CM, Anders M, van Kessel C, Hill JE, McClung AM, Six J, Linquist BA. Optimal fertilizer nitrogen rates and yield-scaled global warming potential in drill seeded rice. J. Environ. Qual. 2014 42 1623-1634. 

As a consequence of intensive application of mineral fertilizers, nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemical provinces have been formed in many regions, for instance, in Central and South East Asia, East Europe, etc. 

Bouldin DR, Alimago BV. 1976. NH3 volatilization from IRRI paddies following broadcast applications of fertilizer nitrogen. IRRI Miscellaneous Report. Manila International Rice Research Institute. 

This chapter is concerned with the three primary nutrients making up most fertilizers nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The usual sources of nitrogen are ammonia, ammonium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate. Phosphorus is obtained from phosphoric acid or phosphate rock. Potassium chloride is mined or obtained from brine and the sulfate is mined in small amounts. Potassium nitrate is made synthetically. These chemicals have already been described under inorganic chemicals of the top 50. Sources for the three primary nutrients are given in Fig. 21.1. 

Table 2. Nitrogen Balances of Plants Given No Fertilizer Nitrogen in Hellriegel and Wilfarth s 1887 Experiment...

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