Feedstock hydrogen production

Much more important is the hydrogenation product of butynediol, 1,4-butanediol [110-63-4]. The intermediate 2-butene-l,4-diol is also commercially available but has found few uses. 1,4-Butanediol, however, is used widely in polyurethanes and is of increasing interest for the preparation of thermoplastic polyesters, especially the terephthalate. Butanediol is also used as the starting material for a further series of chemicals including tetrahydrofuran, y-butyrolactone, 2-pyrrohdinone, A/-methylpyrrohdinone, and A/-vinylpyrrohdinone (see Acetylene-DERIVED chemicals). The 1,4-butanediol market essentially represents the only growing demand for acetylene as a feedstock. This demand is reported (34) as growing from 54,000 metric tons of acetylene in 1989 to a projected level of 88,000 metric tons in 1994. 

Acetjiene has found use as a feedstock for production of chlorinated solvents by reaction with hydrogen chloride or chlorine (6). However, because of safety concerns and the lower price of other feedstock hydrocarbons, very Htfle acetylene is used to produce chlorinated hydrocarbons in the United States (see Acetylene-derived chemicals). 

Theoretical energy consumption for hydrogen production from different feedstocks. 

Hydrogen production by SIP can be accomplished through direct and indirect employment of hydrocarbon feedstocks (e.g., NG). In the direct employment method, iron oxide directly reacts with methane or other hydrocarbons to produce the reduced form of iron oxide and methane oxidation products, according to the following generic reaction ... 

Since EU Directive 2005/33/EC bans high-sulphur heavy oil (bunker fuel) as fuel on ships from 2010, this source may become relevant as a cheap feedstock for hydrogen production in the future. 

The economics and C02 emissions of the different hydrogen production technologies are summarised in Figs. 10.10 and 10.11, which illustrate the major differences of specific hydrogen-production costs for different technologies and feedstocks. 

Section 14.4.2 (but excluding C02 prices for fossil fuels, unlike in the MOREHyS model) the dotted lines for the CCS cases indicate the additional costs for C02 transport and storage. Increases in feedstock prices could significantly increase hydrogen-production costs, owing to their high shares of total costs for some... 

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