Germany, Federal Republic of

In 1990, what was then West Germany enacted its Gene Law. Until then, research had been conducted under the German Guidelines for the Safe 

Handling of r-DNA . These were binding on publicly-funded work and applied voluntarily to the private sector. Industrial production facilities using GMOs were licensed under the Federal Nuisance Act. 

Until 1992, political pressures had restricted trial releases of GMOs in Germany. For the Deliberate Release Directive, the control is at a central level with the Federal Health Ministry acting as the main competent authority for handling release notifications. The Federal Environment Office and the Federal Biological Office also cooperate. 

1992 saw considerable lobbying from both academia and industry in Germany aimed at revision of the 1990 Law. This has been successful, at least in part, with a Parliamentary decision to amend the Law.  

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In Germany For a complete list of books available from Penguin, please write to Penguin Books Ltd, Friedrichstrasse 10 - J2. D-6000 Frankfurt Main 1, Federal Republic of Germany... 

Benzene production by various foreign countries is shown in Table 8 (69—72). As of 1987, the leading foreign producers of benzene were the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, the Nethedands, and the USSR. 

We have been much encouraged by the careful assessment and comments on individual chapters by numerous colleagues not only throughout the U.K. but also in Australia, Canada, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, the U.S.A and several other countries. We believe that this new approach will be widely welcomed as a basis for discussing the very diverse behaviour of the chemical elements and their compounds. 

WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinlteim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2001 ISBN 3-527-29875-4... 

Hohmeyer, O. (1988). Social Costs of Energy Consumption External Effects of Electricity Generation in the federal Republic of Germany. Berlin Springer-Verlag. 

Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und priifung(BAM), Federal Republic of Germany. 

Also the a-ester sulfonates are less important today. In the Federal Republic of Germany, for example, the total production of surfactants was about 700,000 t/a in 1993. For a more detailed analysis of different types of surfactants, use must be made of data collected before the unification of Germany. In 1988 the consumption of surfactants in detergents was about 227,500 t/a, the consumption of anionic surfactants was about 116,000 t/a and less than 1000 t/a of a-sulfo fatty acid esters [5] (the values refer to German Detergent Law). 

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