FD C Red

The FD C certified colors are all water-soluble dyes, but can be transformed into insoluble pigments known as lakes by precipitating the dyes with alurninum, calcium, or magnesium salts on a substrate of aluminum hydroxide. The lakes are useful in appHcations that require color whereas in dry form, such as cake mixes, or where water may be present and bleeding is a problem, such as food packaging. FD C Red Lake No. 3 was deHsted in Febmary... 

In the early 1950s, a number of cases of sickness occurred in children who had reportedly eaten candy and popcorn colored with excessive amounts of dye. As a result of these illnesses, new animal feeding studies were undertaken by the FDA. These studies were conducted at higher levels and for longer test periods than any experiments previously conducted and resulted in unfavorable findings for FD C Orange No. 1, FD C Orange No. 2, and FD C Red No. 32. 

FD C Red No. s " (4) Erythrosine Cl Food Red 14 [16423-68-0] 45430 ingested dmgs only (Hsted provisionally for other uses)... 

FD C Red No. 40. This monoa2o dye (5) is manufactured by coupling dia2oti2ed 5-amino-4-methoxy-2-toluenesulfonic with 6-hydroxy-2-naphtha-lenesulfonic acid. FD C Red No. 40 is also known as Allura Red or Cl Food Red 17. Its chemical identity is principally the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)a2o]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, which has the formula C gH 4N20gS2Na2, and mol wt 496.43. 

FD C Red No. 40 shall conform to the following specifications and shall be free from impurities other than those named to the extent that such other impurities may be avoided by good manufacturing practice ... 

The soluble azo dyes contain one or more sulfonic acid groups. Their degree of water solubiUty is determined by the number of sulfonic groups present and their position in the molecule. FD C Red No. 40 (5) and D C Orange No. 4 (16) belong in this class. 

FD C Red No. 3 iasoluble iasoluble no appreciable change no appreciable change... 

In chocolate milk, the muddy color of caramel is darkened by the addition of FD C Red 40 to give what the industry refers to as a Dutch chocolate shade. Blues and yellows are sometimes added to create a browner color. 

FD C Red 40 6-hydroxy-5-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl-azo)-2-naphtalenesulfonic acid sodium salt... 

FD C Red 40 is used as a coloring agent in a wide array of products, such as orange soda. It is related to several other dyes, including FD C Yellow 6 ... 

Scarlet GN, 119. See also FD C Red 4 scopalomine, 178 SD-40, 56, 70, 174 SD alcohol 40-B. See ethanol SDIC. See sodium dichloroisocyanurate seaweed extract. See agar, carrageenan sequestering agents, 19,49-54,242. See also water softeners serine, 123... 

In recent decades, the synthetic colorant market has dechned, to the benefit of the natural-oriented market and consumers. Excluding FD C Red 40 and Red 28, the synthetic colorants are now as well accepted as they were. In addition to the decreasing enthusiasm for chemicals in food, the high costs of toxicological studies also inhibit the development and approval of new synthetic colorants. The existing technologies used for the extraction, concentration, and purification of natural plant pigments to be used as food colorants still produce lower yields and the final products are still expensive. 

Allura red AC (E 129, FD C Red No. 40, Cl Eood Red 17) is a mono azo dye that consists essentially of 6-hydroxy-5-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl) azo-2-naphtalenesulfonic acid sodium salt (or disodium 2-hydroxy-l-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4sufonato-phenylazo)-naphthalene-6-sulfonate). The calcium and potassium salts are also permitted. 

Erythrosine (E 127, FD C Red No. 3, Cl Food Red 14) is a xanthene dye named disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate monohydrate (or disodium salt of 9-(o-carboxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-... 

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