Ion exchange favorable

Some other factors such as temperature also have an impact on the ion exchange process. It is usually accepted that higher temperatures favor ion exchange [89]. It should be noted, however, that too high a temperature might have an adverse effect on the structural integrity of the LDHs. 

General. The abyssal red clays were, in part, originally selected for study because previous investigations of their sorption properties had been encouraging (6,7), and because generally the types of minerals occurring in the sediment exhibit very favorable ion-exchange and adsorption properties. In... 

Current economic and ecological analyses of the various processes available for recovery of minerals from seawater (evaporation, solvent extraction, sorption, ion exchange, flotation, fractional precipitation, distillation, electrolysis, electrodialysis, and electrocoagulation) favor ion exchange and sorption technology. 

De Melo, J.C.P. Da SilvaFilho, E.C. Santana, S.A.A. Airoldi, C. Exploring the favorable ion-exchange ability of phthalylated cellulose biopolymer using thermodynamic data. Carbohydr. Res. 2010,345 (13), 1914-1921. 

The 1990 Clean Air Act mandates for blended oxygenates ia gasoline created a potentially large new use for DIPE as a fuel oxygenate. Isopropyl alcohol can react with propylene over acidic ion-exchange (qv) catalysts at low temperatures, which favor high equiUbrium conversions per pass to produce DIPE (34). 

ButylatedPhenols and Cresols. Butylated phenols and cresols, used primarily as oxidation inhibitors and chain terrninators, are manufactured by direct alkylation of the phenol using a wide variety of conditions and acid catalysts, including sulfuric acid, -toluenesulfonic acid, and sulfonic acid ion-exchange resins (110,111). By use of a small amount of catalyst and short residence times, the first-formed, ortho-alkylated products can be made to predominate. Eor the preparation of the 2,6-substituted products, aluminum phenoxides generated in situ from the phenol being alkylated are used as catalyst. Reaction conditions are controlled to minimise formation of the thermodynamically favored 4-substituted products (see Alkylphenols). The most commonly used is -/ fZ-butylphenol [98-54-4] for manufacture of phenoHc resins. The tert-huty group leaves only two rather than three active sites for condensation with formaldehyde and thus modifies the characteristics of the resin. 

Adsorption with strongly favorable isotherms and ion exchange between strong electrolytes can usually be carried out until most of the stoichiometric capacity of the sorbent has been utilized, corresponding to a thin MTZ. Consequently, the total capacity of the bed is... 

Both the basic and nucleophilic reactions within the cage are totally inhibited by the presence of one equivalent of Na + PFg in THF. Double ion exchange between the two ion pairs is favored which removes superoxide from the cage Eq. (10) ... 

These high performance size exclusion separations of alpha-chymotrypsin SI and myosin light chains compare favorably with those achieved by ion exchange chromatography but require only a fraction of the time to accomplish. Furthermore, the very short retention times allow for separation of these labile proteins at room temperature, whereas operation at 0-40 C would otherwise be mandatory to avoid the loss of enzymatic activity. 

Of course, preparative or semipreparative separation of substances of clinical interest is realized not only on silica gels or impregnated silica gels, but favorable results are also obtained on different stationary phases (e.g., cellulose or ion exchangers). 

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