Fatty acids, activation formulas

Several studies have been conducted on calcium-fat interactions in human infants (64-70). Low synthesis of bile salts and low pancreatic lipase activity may be responsible for poorer fat utilization in infants than in adults (63,71). Fat from infant formulas may be lower than that from human milk because of the lack of a bile-stimulated lipase in the former (72). In infants, fat absorption tends to decrease with increase in fatty acid length, with lower degree of saturation, and with increase of total fat (3). Triglyceride structure may also influence fat absorption in the infant and, thus, indirectly, might also affect calcium absorption in the infant. 

The hypothetic formula of ideal fatty foods was elaborated in which, along with the content of fatty acids, were taken into account the atherogenic properties, the level of defence against the peroxide oxygenation of the lipids and the concentration of biologically active substances. 

Thioester, acylmercaptan a compound of the general formula RS - CO-R,. The thioester (acylmercaptan) bond is energy-rich. All fatty acyl coenzyme A derivatives (activated fatty acids, e.g. acetyl-CoA) are T. During substrate phosphorylation on glyceral-dehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase a thiol group of the enzyme forms an energy-rich intermediate T. 

The EMEREST/TRYDET Ethoxylated Fatty Acids and Polyethylene Glycol Fatty Acid Esters are nonionic, specialized, mono and diesters of various fatty acids. These products can be prepared by the condensation or addition of ethylene oxide to a fatty acid at the site of its active hydrogen or by esterification of the fatty acid with polyethylene glycol. The chemical composition of the monoester product is represented by the general formula R-C0-(0-CH2CH2)n-OH where "R-CO"... 

The enzyme P-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HADH, EC 1.1.1.35) is also suitable for the detection of frozen meat or fish. In the oxidation of fatty acids, HADH catalyzes the reaction shown in Formula 12.29. This enzyme is bound to the iimer membrane of mitochondria and is liberated in the freeze/thaw process. Its activity can then be measured in the issuing sap with acetoacetyl CoA or with the artificial substrate N-acetylacetoacetylcysteamine. 

In agreement with the research conducted by Conley and Kabara (1973), di- and triglycerides of fatty acids showed no antimicrobial activity on Gram-negative baeteria (Kabara et al., 1972 Conley Kabara, 1973). Similar studies carried out by Isaac et al. (1995) showed that the medium chain fatty acid monoglycerides were added to milk composition or breast milk formula in order to inhibit Haemophilus influenzae. 

Pantothenic Acid is a dipeptide and consists of a,y-dihydroxy-fi, -dimethylbutyric acid and 0-alanine. It can combine with 0-mercaptoethylamine to give pantetheine (formula in Chapt. VI-5), which in turn is a component of coenzyme A. The SH group of the mercaptoethylamine is the active group of the coenzyme, which activates acetate and higher fatty acids and thus plays an extremely important role in metabolism. 

Classification Fatty alcohol Empirical C16H34O Formula CH3(CH2)i4CH20H Properties Wh. waxy solid partially sol. in alcohol, chloroform, ether pract. insol. in water m.w. 242.27 dens. 0.8176 (49.5 C) m.p. 49.3 C b.p. 344 C acid no. < 2 iodine no. < 5 hyd. no. 218-238 flash pt. > 110 C ref. index 1.4283 surface-active dispersant, wetting agent, and compatibility aid for enhancing color acceptance in high solids coatings (alkyds, epoxies, UV and EB-cured... 

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