Fair Promotion Practices

The seven aspects of fairness that we found across the organizations were Fair and legal staffing or recruiting processes. Fair professional development practices. Fair compensation. Fair promotion practices. Fair policies and norms. Fair treatment, and Fair work-life balance. 

The Codex Alimentarius Commission was created in 1963 by FAO and WHO to develop food standards, guidelines, and related texts such as codes of practice under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program. The main purposes of this Program are to protect the health of the consumers and to ensure fair trade practices in the food trade, and to promote the coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and nongovernmental organizations (CA 2007). 

The greater control over promotional practice, under the accelerated approval process, usually places less burden on an ethical company than the postmarketing safety requirements. Promotional materials must be submitted for review before NDA approval the obviously desirable intention is that promotion should not be any broader than the approved indication, which under these special circumstances is likely to be narrower than usual. Furthermore, the package insert should usually quantitate how narrow or broad the tolerability experience with the drug might be, and this will then necessitate fairly frequent updates, as NDA supplements, as the post-marketing data become available. 

As a pharmaceutical physician, one has to be alert to the modern methods of publication of information that, by virtue of industry sponsorship, then becomes promotional in nature. One is wise to review material, both written and verbal, that is to be disseminated as information or a service to medicine. The rules require that such items report the data fairly and without bias and that if made available in support of a product as information or promotion, the relevant rules are observed (see below Section 12.5). Companies have been found in breach of the Code of Practice when so-called independent speakers of known opinion have been used too frequently in support of a product. 

Tire purpose of this program is to protect the health of consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade to promote coordination of all food-standards labor... 

As discussed in Section 1.2.2 the bubble shapes in fairly dry foams and froths (4 gas > 0.83, approximately) are not spheres or distorted spheres, but polyhedrons. In practice there will be distributions of both gas-cell sizes and shapes. In addition to the gas bubbles, froth contains the floated particles, pulp liquor, and a fraction of (hydrophilic) particles that did not float due to bubble attachment, but which were mechanically entrained in the froth. The pulp liquor and these latter particles all have to be allowed to drain back out of the froth. The rate of this drainage will be greatest at the froth-pulp interface (i.e., the bottom of the froth layer) and slowest near the top of the froth layer. Froth drainage equations are discussed elsewhere [53]. The froth needs to be a stable enough foam that some time can be allowed for these drainage processes, and also so that the upper layer(s) of the froth can be swept out of the flotation cell. On the other hand, the froth should not be too stable as a foam so that it will break easily after collection. In addition to the role of the frother, froth stability is also promoted by increasing liquid viscosity. 

Evenness of treatment depends on factors such as the designs of the chamber and of the electrode, the levels of energy and pressure, and the period of time of exposure once established at satisfactory values, these parameters can be controlled fairly easily. The surface chemistry is similar to that with simple flame treatment but the use of a gaseous reactant means that even treatment of quite complex shapes is practicable. Besides even and repeatable results the method offers the additional advantage that adhesion promoters are not necessary—with associated savings in costs and enhanced environmental implications. 

Given that even the APA and the FDA published fraudulent claims about the harmlessness of ECT, it is fair to conclude that patients are rarely if ever going to be given informed consent by doctors who advocate the treatment. Because ECT promoters like Max Fink, Richard Abrams, and Harold Sackeim are considered believable authorities by their colleagues, practicing psychiatrists feel safe in telling their patients that ECT is relatively harmless and very effective. 

To stabilize the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to limit to a fairly low level the human-induced emissions of such gases. Technologjes (especially their promotion and transfer) have great potentiality to contribute to the decrease of such emissions. They are still practical from the financial viewpoint... 

The Norwegian Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (LMI) has a voluntary code of conduct that promotes the practice of fair and ethical marketing. 

Some of the more common performance measurement systems used to assess pharmaceutical outcomes include report cards, balanced scorecards, clinical value compasses, profiling, performance-based evaluation systems, and others. The goals of pharmaceutical performance measurement systems are to 1) compare treatment modalities fairly 2) recognize and promote good care 3) identify and eliminate substandard care and 4) improve the level of care overall.Because performance measures can include data over the course of treatment, the outcomes of alternative therapies and practices may be detected. The end goal of any performance measurement system should not be cost containment only improving patient outcomes must be a primary concern, keeping in mind the cost effectiveness of the therapy and sustainability of the system. 

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