Deposition factors affecting

In applying oil sprays to fruit trees, the objective is to apply an evenly distributed deposit of oil sufficient to effect control of the pest while remaining below the deposit that will produce plant injury. The margin of safety is relatively small in some cases. Recent attempts have been made to apply straight oils in the form of mists or as concentrated emulsions, but this method of application is still in the experimental stage. The quantity of oil deposited bears a direct relationship to both the effectiveness of insect control and safety of the tree. The most important factors affecting deposit are concentration of oil in the spray mixture, the nature and concentration of the emulsifier used, and the quantity of spray applied. 

Feng, Z., Waters, E.J., Focock, K.F., WiUiams, R.J. (1996a). Red wine bottle deposits, 1 a predictive assay and an assessment of some factors affecting deposit formation. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res., 2, 25-29... 

Bourget, E. Crisp, D. J. 1975. Factors affecting deposition of the shell in Balanus balanoides. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55, 231-249. 

Many factors affect dry deposition, but for computational convenience air quaUty models resort to using a single quantity called the deposition velocity, designated or to prescribe the deposition rate. The deposition velocity is defined such that the flux T of species i to the ground is... 

Actually, it is recognized that two different mechanisms may be involved in the above process. One is related to the reaction of a first deposited metal layer with chalcogen molecules diffusing through the double layer at the interface. The other is related to the precipitation of metal ions on the electrode during the reduction of sulfur. In the first case, after a monolayer of the compound has been plated, the deposition proceeds further according to the second mechanism. However, several factors affect the mechanism of the process, hence the corresponding composition and quality of the produced films. These factors are associated mainly to the com-plexation effect of the metal ions by the solvent, probable adsorption of electrolyte anions on the electrode surface, and solvent electrolysis. 

Both thermodynamic and kinetic factors affect the inhibition of hydrate deposits. 

DOE. 1985b. Factors affecting the assessment of lung depositions of transuranics. Washington, DC ... 

First, the rate of heat production is again related to the sum of the rates of depositional and burning processes, and if the predominant factor affecting the overall rate is temperature, then it does not seem likely that the specific effect of water vapor on the oxidation reported here is chemical catalysis, since a lowering of activation energy for either process would result in an increase in the overall rate relative to dry oxidation. 

Another important factor affecting carbon deposition is the catalyst surface basicity. In particular, it was demonstrated that carbon formation can be diminished or even suppressed when the metal is supported on a metal oxide carrier with a strong Lewis basicity [47]. This effect can be attributed to the fact that high Lewis basicity of the support enhances the C02 chemisorption on the catalyst surface resulting in the removal of carbon (by surface gasification reactions). According to Rostrup-Nielsen and Hansen [12], the amount of carbon deposited on the metal catalysts decreases in the following order ... 

Most solutions used in electrodeposition of metals and alloys contain one or more inorganic or organic additives that have specific functions in the deposition process. These additives affect deposition and crystal-building processes as adsorbates at the surface of the cathode. Thus, in this chapter we first describe adsorption and the factors that determine adsorbate-surface interaction. There are two sets of factors that determine adsorption substrate and adsorbate factors. Substrate factors include electron density, d-band location, and the shape of substrate electronic orbitals. Adsorbate factors include electronegativity and the shape of adsorbate orbitals. 

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