Fabrication processes smoke

Phenolics are now growing into the FRP composite areas of hand lay up, open and closed mould techniques, pultrusion and filament winding. The driving force behind this recent growth is the concern over flammability and smoke generation of materials used in transportation and in certain types of construction. Use of phenolics is limited to those fabrication processes and sizes of structure which allow high temperature curing. 

The lamp black process is likely the oldest industrial process and has consequently been the object of numerous engineering variants. Figure 4.2 describes the principle of a typical modem plant. The partial combustion of a feedstock (oil generally) in an atmosphere purposely poor in oxygen produces smoke, which is cooled down and filtered to recover carbon black particles that are subsequently flocculated. The control of the pyrolytic process is loose and results in a large distribution of elementary particle sizes (from 60 to 200 nm). This fabrication process tends to be abandoned today in favor of the much cleaner and more versatile furnace one. 

Between 1963 and 1966, Kroller (2184-2195, 2200, 2203) reported the pyrolysis products from cigarette components permitted in cigarette fabrication in Germany. He estimated the amonnt of B[a]P generated by pyrolysis of each material at 700°C in air. In addition to tobacco itself (2191), the materials he stndied inclnded cellulose, starch, and a nnmber of hnmectants, adhesives, and dyes consumed during the actual cigarette smoking process. 

Their latter statement would also apply to cigarette fabrication materials consnmed during the smoking process, snch as the adhesives nsed on the cigarette paper seam, printing inks on the paper, etc. 

In addition to the dilution that occurs when the ETS particles disperse through the room space, an additional dilution occurs by the deposition of ETS particles on the surfaces present. These processes—evaporation, dispersion, and deposition—decrease the concentration of ETS particles. Ventilation, air exchanges per unit time, nature of the surfaces (fabric, plastic, wood, etc.), temperature, relative humidity, number of cigarettes smoked per unit time, and number of persons present are some of the known variables that will also influence the concentration of ETS particles. 

In other processes the oxide produced is generally condensed either in long flues, or on baffles, or in large condensation chambers. In many cases the volatile matter is mixed with water in the ventilators, after which the oxido is separated out by decantation. The condensation in these cases is not always complete, and the object of the present invention is to prevent any loss of the oxide by filtering through cotton, linen, or any other fabric that will arrest the oxide contained in the smoke. 

CAS 21645-51-2 EINECS/ELINCS 244-492-7 Uses Flame retardant, smoke suppressanL processing aid, water resist, aid, antistat for wire/cable, elec, insulators, printed circuit boards, potting resins, molded and extruded polyolefins, flooring compds., conveyor belting, fabric coatings, polyester and aciylic pultrusion compds., thermosetting resins (BMC, SMC), PVC, EVA, EPDM, XLPE, EEA, thermoplastic elastomers, silicone rubber, NR, SR, acrylic resins, unsat. polyesters... 

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