Fabrication processes isostatic powder pressing

Disc/flat-sheet-shaped membranes are mostly applied in dense ceramic membrane reactors due to the ease of the fabrication process the ceramic material powder is pressed into discs in a stainless steel mould under an isostatic or hydraulic pressure, followed by sintering at a high temperature. Such disc-shaped membranes usually have a thickness of about 1 mm so as... 

When the powder is isostatically compacted at elevated temperatnres, the process is called hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In this case, the flexible dies are often made of thin metals, and high-pressnre gases snch as argon are nsed to heat the part rapidly and rednce thermal losses. Pressnre np to 100 MPa and temperatnres in excess of 2000°C are possible nsing HIP, and parts up to 600 kg can be fabricated. A schematic diagram of a typical HIP apparatus is shown in Figure 7.18. Metals that are processed commercially by HIP include various specialty steels, superalloys, hard metals, refractory alloys, and beryllium. We will see in Section 7.2 that HIP is also particularly useful for the densification of ceramic components. 

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