Fabricating processes overview

Figure 1.1 Overview of the plastic industries from source to products that includes plastics and fabrication processes (courtesy of Plastics FALLO)...

Figure C.6. Overview of the fabrication process. Two coverslips are placed at the top and bottom of a transparency (a) and prepolymer solution is dropped in the center (b). A thick glass slide is positioned on top of the prepolymer solution, allowing it to rest on the coverslips, and causing the prepolymer solution to flow and fill the gap (c). A photomask is aligned on top of the glass slide (d), a second glass slide is placed on top of the photomask to keep it in place, and the exposed photoresist is polymerized using UV light. After rinsing, an insoluble, patterned polymer results (e).

To the best of my knowledge, this book is the first one to give a complete overview of the 3-D integration problem. It would provide valuable information for readers from various communities, such as semiconductor fabrication process developers, IC designers, and EDA R D practitioners. The book could also serve as an excellent reference for graduates majoring in microelectronics. 

Because the fabrication process is such an essential part of microfluidics, an overview of the principles underlying the microfabrication technology is presented. Pressure, flow, and temperature measurements are essential variables for characterizing fluid motion in any system. An important goal is the design and construction of self-contained microfluidic systems. Because of their small size, incorporation of pressure, flow, and temperature sensors directly on the microfluid system chip is highly desirable. There are relatively few examples where microfluidic systems have been constructed with these on-board sensors. There have been so many microsensor developments in recent years that it is only a matter of time before such systems will appear. Small-scale actuators to provide either open- or closed-loop control of the flow in microchannels are needed and these efforts are addressed. While experimental work on fluid flow itself in microscale structures is rather sparse, some results will be presented that emphasize the similarity and/or differences between macroscopic and microscopic flow of liquids. Although there are not many applications of... 

Bulk Micromachining, Fig. 5 A simplified overview of the fabrication process which was used to form planar... 

This chapter will introduce the reader to the reasons for miniaturizing fuel cells and to the specifications required by this miniaturization. It will then show what kinds of fuel cells can fit to these specifications and which fuels can be employed to supply them. The techniques presently used for the realization of miniature fuel cells will be described, underlining particularly the growing part of the microfabrication techniques inherited from microelectronics. It will present an overview on the apphcations of these latter techniques on miniature fuel cells by presenting several solutions developed throughout the world. It will finally detail, as an example, the complete fabrication process of a particular microfabricated fuel cell based on a silane-grafted porous silicon membrane as the proton-exchange membrane instead of a cortunon ionomer such as Nafion . 

This chapter is structured as follows Section 46.2 provides a brief introduction to electrochemical sensors. Section 46.3 presents three different approaches to prepare sol-gel nanocomposites for electrochemical sensing applications, giving specific examples of each of them. In Section 46.4, different types of electrochemical transducers that can be prepared using the sol-gel material fabrication processes, together with the electrochemical detection mechanisms applied, are described. Section 46.5 gives an overview of the recent literature on sol-gel nanocomposites as electrochemical sensors of different types of analytes. This chapter concludes by summarizing the main conclusions and discussing some future prospects of sol-gel nanocomposites for electrochemical sensor applications. 

Reference 27 gives a concise overview of the processing and fabrication of acetal resins. 

Both wet-ceramic techniques and direct-deposition techniques require preparation of the feedstock, which can consist of dry powders, suspensions of powders in liquid, or solution precursors for the desired phases, such as nitrates of the cations from which the oxides are formed. Section 6.1.3 presented some processing methods utilized to prepare the powder precursors for use in SOFC fabrication. The component fabrication methods are presented here. An overview of the major wet-ceramic and direct-deposition techniques utilized to deposit the thinner fuel cell components onto the thicker structural support layer are presented below. 

R. Varin, Songlin Li, T. Czujko, Z. Wronski, An Overview of the Controlled Mechano-Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Complex Hydride Mg2FeH6,13 th International Conference on Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials-PFAM XIII, Singapore, December 6-8,2004. 

This section provides a comprehensive overview of recent efforts in physical theory, molecular modeling, and performance modeling of CLs in PEFCs. Our major focus will be on state-of-the-art CLs that contain Pt nanoparticle electrocatalysts, a porous carbonaceous substrate, and an embedded network of interconnected ionomer domains as the main constituents. The section starts with a general discussion of structure and processes in catalyst layers and how they transpire in the evaluation of performance. Thereafter, aspects related to self-organization phenomena in catalyst layer inks during fabrication will be discussed. These phenomena determine the effective properties for transport and electrocatalytic activity. Finally, physical models of catalyst layer operation will be reviewed that relate structure, processes, and operating conditions to performance. 

R.A. Varin, S. Li, T. Czujko, Z. WronsM, An overview of the controlled mechano-chemical synthesis of nanostructured complex hydride Mg FeH , Proc. Int. Symp. on Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials XIII (PFAM XIII), Eds. M. Gupta, C.Y.H. Lim, R.A. Varin, T.S. Srivatsan, Stallion Press, Singapore, 2005, pp. 315-331. 

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