Fabricating antireflection coatings

Hamano et al. (1982) have fabricated an a-Si H photodiode array linear image sensor. The sensor structure is shown in Fig. 5. The sensor is constructed by first forming individual electrodes on a glass or a ceramic substrate. Then l-/mi-thick undoped a-Si H is produced at 230°C by glow-discharge decomposition of silane and finally 1500-A-thick ITO common electrode, which also acts as an antireflection coating, is deposited by dc sputtering. 

The general approach used to make a dielectric mirror is to lay down a stack of thin films that have alternately higher and lower refractive indices. Manipulation of the thickness and the refractive index of each layer in the stack allows the optical properties to be modified at will to produce virtually perfect mirrors and virtually perfect antireflection coatings - both of which can be mned to respond to very specific wavelengths - as well as a variety of optical filters. The fabrication of such devices falls... 

To build a full plastic retina, the polymer grid triode image enhancement array would be fabricated directly onto the output (back) side of a photodetector array (for example an infrared detector array) using each detector output pad as the anode or cathode of the PGT at that node. The semiconductor layers would be cast sequentially from solution and applied onto the detector array much like an antireflection coating. The final contrast enhanced output would be connected to a demultiplexer by bump-bonding that is by cold-welding indium bumps arrayed reciprocally on die PGT array output and on e demultiplexer input. 

Industrial Applications Antireflective coatings inks detergents colored bubbles " fabric softeners " textiles " entertainment products " " toys" Safety/Toxicity Carcinogenicity " " chromosomal... 

Du, X. and He, J. (2011) Facile fabrication of hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres for superhydrophilic and visible/near-IR antireflection coatings. Chem. Eur. J., 17, 8165-8174. 

Besides the apphcations described above, electrochemically deposited sol-gel films have also been used for fabricating solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, nonlinear optical films, antireflection coatings, and electrocatalytic and... 

To demonstrate the existence of the SPR effect, which was shown to redshift with an increase in NP size, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements using rhodamine-6G were performed. The study emphasized the efficiency of the resulting antireflection coating, which was fabricated for solar cell applications and was made of black silicon, a silicon nitride passivated layer together with a coating of Ag NPs. 

Nanomatcrials also generate interest because of the specific properties linked to the nanometer size of the particles. Some unusual optical and electrical properties are due to a phenomenon known as quantum confinement. The large surface/volume ratio also leads to the use of some of these materials in catalysis. The excellent sintering characteristics of fine powders are useful in the fabrication of ceramics and composites. The dispersion of small particles in various solvents allows the fabrication of thin films and antireflection coatings, or improvements in the optical performance of mirrors. 

A round-shape lateral cross-section of voxels is preferable in most fabrications. We tried to ehminate the non-unit lateral axis ratio by polarization modification. Circularly- and non-polarized beams were realized by inserting a 780 nm antireflection-coated c-axis-cut quartz A/4 retardation plate and a visible-range double-plate-type quartz depolarizer into the light path, respectively. In both cases, there is no preferential direction of light intensity distribution at the focal spot. Experimentally a nearly perfect round shape was achieved for both cases, as shown in Fig. 30e,f. 

The fabrication of the first efficient large area (ca. 1 cm8) SBSC has been reported.72 73 It consists of a Schottky barrier of 5 nm Cr overlaid with 5—7 nm Cu on 2 fi cm p-type silicon, with a top (ohmic) contact of A1 fingers covered with 69 nm of antireflective silicon oxide coating. The sunlight conversion efficiency of the cell is 9.5%. 

L. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Sun, J. Shen, Mechanically stable antireflection and antifogging coatings fabricated by the layer-by-layer deposition process and postcalcination, Langmuir 24 (2008) 10851-10857. 

L. Zhang, Z.-A. Qiao, M. Zheng, Q. Huo, 1. Sun, Rapid and substrate-independent layer-by-layer fabrication of antireflection- and antifogging-integrated coatings. Journal of Materials Chemistry 20 (2010) 6125-6130. 

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