Exudate gums

Extrusion cooking Extrusion process Extrusion processes Extrusions Extrusion technology Exudate gums Exxate 600... 

The botanical gums represent a family of polysaccharides obtained from a wide variety of plant sources. They are subdivided into exudate gums, seed gums, and gums obtained by extraction of plant tissue. For a gum to be used in commercial quantities, it must be present in the tissues or be readily extractable in relatively pure form which limits the number of commercial botanical gums. 

Al-Assaf, S. Phillips, G.O.. Williams, P.A. (2005 b). Studies on Acacia exudate gums part II. Molecular weight comparison of the Vulgares and Gummiferae series of Acacia gums. Food Hydrocolloids, Vol.19, No.4, 0uly 2005), pp. 661-667, ISSN 0268-005X. 

Mocak, J. Jurasek, P. Phillips, G.O, Vargas, S. Casadei, E. Ghikamai, B.N. (1998). The classification of natural gums. X. Chemometric characterization of exudate gums that conform to the revised specification of the gum arabic for food use, and the identification of adulterants. Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 12, No. 2, (April 1998), pp 141-150, ISSN 0268-005X. 

Phillips, G.O. Williams, P.A. (2001). Tree exudate gums natural and versatile food additives and ingredients. Food Ingredients and Analysis International, Vol.23, (nd),pp. 26- 28, ISSN 0968-574X. 

Verbeken, D. Dierckx, S. Dewettinck. (2003). Exudate gums Occurrence, production, and applications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol.63, No. 1, (November 2003), pp. 10-21, ISSN 0175-7598. 

Extrusion reactions, aromatic system formation by, 21 148 Extrusion rheometers, 21 730-731 Exudate gums, 13 61, 63t Exudation, from TNT, 10 734 Ex-works prices, 15 37 Exxal 6... 

Elemi oil, Elemi resinoid are obtained from exuded gum resin of Canarium luzonicum (Miqu.) A. Gray (Burseraceae), a tree growing in the Phillipines. The resin is extracted with a solvent to form the resinoid, which is a yellow to orange mass of high viscosity. The oil is produced by steam distillation of the gum resin and is a colorless to light yellow liquid. 

When gum-tragacanth Is purchased for shipment to Europe, it undergoes the following assortment —The large, white, flaky, or leaf gum, formed French quality, is first picked out, and the residue is sifted. The coarser portion is returned to the pickers, who remove. the discolored leaf, which is termed English quality. The remainder is then examined, and any stones, or dirty, very black pieces ore thrown aside as refuse the rest, composed of naturally exuded gum and brown leaf, is denominated common or sorts. 

Several plant exudates (gums and mucilages) have been used for pharmaceutical purposes and they still find significant application. However, the production of gums is laborious and expensive and their use will probably continue to decline. 

Some wood polysaccharides are extensively branched and are readily soluble in water. Typical of certain tropical trees is a spontaneous formation of exudate gums, which are exuded as viscous fluids at sites of injury and after dehydration give hard, clear nodules rich in polysaccharides. These gums, for example, gum arabic, consist of highly branched, water-soluble polysaccharides. 

More detailed discussion of food polymers and their functionality in food is now difficult because of the lack of the information available on thermodynamic properties of biopolymer mixtures. So far, the phase behaviour of many important model systems remains unstudied. This particularly relates to systems containing (i) more than two biopolymers, (ii) mixtures containing denatured proteins, (iii) partially hydrolyzed proteins, (iv) soluble electrostatic protein-polysaccharide complexes and conjugates, (v) enzymes (proteolytic and amylolytic) and their partition coefficient between the phases of protein-polysaccharide mixtures, (vi) phase behaviour of hydrolytic enzyme-exopolysaccharide mixtures, exopolysaccharide-cell wall polysaccharide mixtures and exopolysaccharide-exudative polysaccharide mixtures, (vii) biopolymer solutes in the gel networks of one or several of them, (viii) enzymes in the gel of their substrates, (ix) virus-exopolysaccharide, virus-mucopolysaccharides and virus-exudative gum mixtures, and so on. 

Plant exudates Gum Arabic Adraganta gum Karaya gum Gatti gum... 

Figure 2. An acacia of undetermined species exudes gum from a natural injury. The nodule shown measures approximately 4 cm across.

Sterculia. Widely distributed in the Old World, this genus is well known for its gums, which have properties only slightly less desirable than those of acacia. Sterculia species generally exude gum rapidly nodules weighing over a pound each are not unusual. 

Analytical Techniques. This investigation was initiated to establish a routine procedure by which an exudate gum source could be identified from a sample of only 1 mg. Initial tests indicated that exudate gums were present in Mughal miniatures (25,26) and were an accepted part of Persian miniatures. 

Tubers and roots Inulin, konjac glucomannans Exudates Gum arables... 

There are other exudate gums that were gums of commerce in ancient times and used up to about World War 11 that are used in only very small amounts today. They are gum karaya, gum ghatti, and gum tragacanth [64,65,66,67]. 

Gum arable and other exudate gums. In Reference 1, Chapter 15... 

Damage Larvae bore beneath bark of peach trees at the base as well as into main roots near the surface. Also may attack plum, prune, cherry, apricot, and nectarine trees. Trees are often girdled. Burrow entrance holes exude gum mixed with sawdustlike material. Young or weak trees may be seriously damaged or killed older trees are less affeeted. 

G. O. Aspinall, The exudate gums and their structural relationship to other groups of plant polysaccharides, Pure Appl. Chem., 14 (1967) 43-55. 

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