Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Lointier, PH., Kanffmann, P, Francannet, P, Pezet, D., Chippau, J. Management of intrahepatic calculi in Caroli s disease by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Brit. J. Surg. 1990 77 987-988... 

In a non-comparative study of 24 consecutive outpatients undergoing extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, alfentanil (initial dose 15 pg/kg followed by 0.38 pg/kg/minute) and propofol (initial dose 1 mg/kg followed by 59 pg/kg/minute) were used for sedation... 

Nociti JR, Zuccolotto SN, Cagnolatl CA, Oliveira ACM, Bastos MM. Propofol and alfentanil sedation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2002 1 74-8. 

In two randomized, double-blind, controlled comparisons of anesthetic techniques for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy remifentanil infusion had no advantage over the combination of fentanyl bolus plus propofol infusion, but caused more adverse effects (nausea and vomiting) (10). In another study remifentanil infusion provided comparable analgesia and caused less respiratory depression and fewer gastrointestinal symptoms than intravenous boluses of sufentanil (11). 

Small stones (<5mm in diameter) pass spontaneously in the urine as gravel. Although surgical treatment to remove large staghorn calculi may still be necessary, the most common form of treatment is ultrasonic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which can be applied to... 

In the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [1], immediately after the focused high pressure disappears cavitation phenomena occur near the focus region. It is reported that even... 

Chaussy,Ch. et.al"Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" KARGER,1982. 

Kuwahara. M, et.al. "Acoustics Cavitation Bubbles in the Kidney Induced by Focused Shock Waves for the Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL)",Proc. 17th ISSW T (to appear 1990). ... 

Rowatinex has also been used with success in the removal of residual stone fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), a situation that occurs in up to 72% of patients given this therapy. These fragments are important to remove since they may lead to calculus regrowth, infection, or obstruction. With 50 patients, it was found that Rowatinex decreased the number of calculi debris, reducing the number of late complications and further interventions. By day 28, 82% of patients were free of calculi, whereas this situation is normally reached after 3 months without Rowatinex treatment (Siller et al., 1998). 

Djaladat, H., Mahouri, K., Shooshtary, F. K., Ahmadieh, A. 2009. Effect of Rowatinex on calculus clearance after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Urol. Res. 6(1) 9-13. 

Drach GW, Weber C, Donovan JM. Treatment of pacemaker patients with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy experience from 2 continents. J Urol 1990 143 895-896. 

Jocham D, Brandi H, Chaussy C, Schmiedt E. Treatment of nephrolithiasis with ESWL. In Gravenstein JS, Peter K, eds. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy... 

Cooper D, Wilkoff B, Masterson M, Castle M, Belco K, Simmons T, Morant V, Streem S, Maloney J. Effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on cardiac pacemakers and its safety in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1988 11 1607-1616. 

Langberg J, Abber J, Thuroff JW, Griffin JC. The effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on pacemaker function. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1987 10 1142-1146. 

Chung MK, Streem SB, Ching E, Grooms M, Mowrey KA, Wilkoff B. Effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on tiered therapy implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1999 22 738-742. 

German aerospace engineer Claude Dornier noticed pitting on the surface of an airplane as it approached the sound barrier the minute destruction was the result of the shock wave created in front of moisture. This led to the development in 1984 of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a noninvasive procedure to demolish kidney stones with intense shock waves. 

Gravas S, Tzortzis V, Rountas C, Melekos MD. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and garlic consumption a lesson to learn. Urol Res 2010 38(1) 61-3. 

Westman KW, Ericsson UB, Hoier-Madsen M, et al. Prevalence of autoantihodies associated with glomerulonephritis, unaffected after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal calculi, in a three-year follow-up. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1997 ... 

Gharaei B, Jafari A, Aghamohammadi H, Kamranmanesh M, Poorzamani M, Elyassi H, et al. Opioid-sparing effect of preemptive bolus low-dose ketamine for moderate sedation in opioid abusers undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy a randomized clinical trial. Anesth Analg 2013 116 75-80. 

Note Currently, a German-built machine which uses high-energy shock waves to break up kidney stones from outside the body is being tested. The nonsuigical procedure is called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, or stone exploding. 

Basaklar AC, Kale N (1991) Experiences with childhood urolithiasis (report of 196 cases). Br J Urol 67 203-205 Berdon WE, Schwartz RH, Becker J, Baker DH (1969) Tamm-Horsfall proteinuria. Radiology 92 714-722 Boddy SA, Duffy PG, Barratt TM, Whitfield HN (1988) Hyperoxaluria and renal calculi in children. The role of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Proc R Soc Med 81 604-605... 

The fundamental techniques of nephrostomy insertion, track dilatation, and stent insertion have led to the development of more sophisticated endou-rologic procedures. The initial percutaneous technique developed was for removal of renal calculi. Within a short time, techniques for treatment of ureteropelvic junction and ureteral strictures were developed. Today percutaneous nephrolithotomy has been replaced in many situations by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and uretero-scopic techniques. However, nonoperative management of staghorn calculi, infected lower pole calculi, or cystine stones via percutaneous nephrolithotomy and lithotripsy is still indicated. 

Boddy SAM, Kellett MJ, Fletcher MS et al (1987) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children. J Pediatr Surg 22 223-227... 

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been used successfully to treat renal and ureteral transplant stones. The stone may be directly accessed for percutaneous removal by nephrostomy or ureteroscopy, which can be difficult because of the ureteral anastomosis, and, if necessary, by a combined percutaneous and retrograde technique (Crook and Keoghane 2005). 

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