Extracellular Klebsiella

A number of 3-deoxyglyculosonic acids have been identified. These substances are acid-labile and are decomposed on hydrolysis with acid under normal conditions, and have therefore often escaped detection in the past. The simplest member of this class, 3-deoxy-L- /yccro-pentulosonic acid (26), occurs as terminal groups in the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K38. Pyranosidic 3-deoxy-D-r/ircohexulosonic acid is a component of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus 07 and 012 LPS. The same acid, as )3-py-ranosyl groups, is also present in the extracellular polysaccharide from Azo-tobacter vinelandii. ... 

The pyruvic acid may also be linked to vicinal positions. When linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of a D-galactopyranosyl residue (40), the dioxolane ring becomes cw-fused. In the limited number of known examples, the absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom is (S), as in 40. There are some examples of tra -fused dioxolane rings, and these are more sensitive to hydrolysis with acid than the others. Thus, pyruvic acid is acetalically linked to 0-3 and 0-4 of an a-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue in the Klebsiella type 72 capsular polysaccharide, to 0-2 and 0-3 of an a-D-galactopyranosyl residue in the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 capsular polysaccharide, and to 0-2 and 0-3 of a S-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid residue in the Klebsiella K1 capsular polysaccharide. " In the extracellular polysaccharide from... 

Bitton, G. and Freihofer, V., Influence of extracellular polysaccharides on the toxicity of copper and cadmium toward Klebsiella aerogenes, Microb Ecol, 4 (2), 119-125, 1977. 

It is obtained from Micromonospora pupurea. It has broader spectrum of action and is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus. Streptococci and enterococci are relatively resistant to it owing to failure of the drug to penetrate into the cell. Following parenteral administration, it defuses mainly into extracellular fluids. 

The polysaccharides which will be considered in this paper are all found in the extracellular capsular material which surrounds the cell wall of bacteria belonging to the Genus Klebsiella. The carbohydrate nature of these capsules was first demonstrated in 1914 by Toenniessen (J ) and in 1926 Julianelle (2) was the first person to report on the presence of sharply defined and high specific types of polysaccharides in the different serotypes. 

There are also reports of their occurrence in polysaccharides. 3-Deoxy-D-t/zreo-hex-2-ulosonic acid (120) is a component in the extracellular polysaccharide of Azotobacter vinelandii304 and 3-deoxy-L-g7ycero-pent-2-ulosonic acid (121) has been found as a component of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 38.305... 

J. R. 1995. Energy-dispersive-X-ray analysis of the extracellular cadmium sulfide crystallites of Klebsiella aerogenes. Archives of Microbiology, 163 143-7. 

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is an extracellular enzyme which has been detected in a number of bacteria, mainly Bacillus, but also Paenibaciilus, Klebsiella, Thermoanaerobacterium, Thermoanaerobacter species and Actinomycetes [32], Nearly 30 CGTase genes have been isolated since the first identification of this gene in B. macerans and several of the enzymes have been identified and biochemically characterized [33],... 

Constit. of the capsular antigen of Klebsiella K12, K18, K41 type specific antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 2, type 6A O-antigen of Serratia marces-cens extracellular polysaccharide from Mycobacterium album B-88 in operculinic acid (see 3,12-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid) formed from the resin of Ipomoea operculata. 

Reducing disaccharide. Constit. of the repeating unit of the capsular antigen of Klebsiella K32, of the type specific antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 17F, and of the extracellular polysaccharides from various strains of Rhizobium japonicum. Syrup. Md +10.1 (c, 1.3 in MeOH). Mg +4.3 (c, 2 in H2O). 

An extracellular form and a cell-bound form of pullulanase (mol. wts. 1.26 x 10 and 1.41 x 10 , respectively) from Klebsiella aerogenes have been purified by ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. The cell-bound form was also released by proteolysis. Comparisons of their physicochemical properties and amino-acid compositions suggested that the enzymes are derived from the same gene product, which can be cleaved selectively by endogenous or added proteases. 

The condensation of hexuronic acid derivatives with hexosaminides to give amide-linked disaccharides is referred to in Chapter D-Galacturonic acid has been identified as a component of Pneumococcus type 25 capsular polysaccharide," and 2-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid has been isolated for the first time in Nature from an extracellular polysaccharide of a species (Porphyridium cruentum) of red alga. The acidic sugar component in Klebsiella type 37 capsular polysaccharide has been identified as 4-0-[(5)-l-carboxyethyl]-D-glucuronic acid. Antibiotic substances and nucleosides that contain uronic acid components are referred to in Chapters 20 and 21, respectively. 

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