Extinguishment, factors influencing

Sources Gawande (Nazare), S., Investigation and prediction of factors influencing flammability of nightwear fabrics, PhD thesis, University of Bolton, Bolton, U.K., 2002 Nazare, S. et al., Fire Mater., 26,191,2002 Horrocks, A.R. et al., Recent Advances of Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, Vol. XI, Lewin, M. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2000 Conference, Business Communication Company, Stamford, CT. a Rames extinguished when the flame was moved away. b Fabric melted away from the flame. c Test not performed. 

A fire of short duration (less than one hour), such as one resulting from a plane crash or a manually extinguished fire could have a limited influence on the amount of the release since the thermal time constant of the cask wall (more than 0.3 m of steel or cast iron) should be higher than the fire duration. In these conditions, the increase in the internal cask pressure caused by the fire could be high enough to change the amount (but not the order of magnitude) of the previously described release assumptions. A simple thermal analysis shows that a conservative estimate of the internal pressure increase caused by the fire in half an hour could be of the order of 3000 Pa (namely a factor of three over the above described assumptions). In conclusion, the release in a fire could be of the order of three times the one assumed above, in a time frame of less than one hour. The two releases should not be combined. 

The decision to allow the fire to consume all fuel present will be influenced by three factors. First is "What category of liquid is involved A flammable liquid, if extinguished, will present the likelihood of a hazardous vapor condition developing. Vapor clouds can be more difficult to control than a fire. The second factor to consider is the surrounding area. Will tlie plume of thick, black smoke interfere with the safety of the community Are schools or a hospital downwind that might need evacuation The third point to consider would be the... 

In addition to electrical charge, textile fibers are influenced by external conditions such as oxidation and flame. Deterioration of textiles or other materials can be caused by gradual oxidation during storage and/or exposure to light. Flame resistance is a term used to describe a material that bums slowly or is self-extinguishing after the removal of an external source of ignition. Fibrous materials can be flame resistant because of the innate properties of the fiber, the twist level of the yam, the fabric construction, the presence of flame retardants, or a combination of these factors. 

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