Explosion mechanism

The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen leads to the formation of water. This reaction has extended explosive regimes with respect to the p,T,c-parameters. A mechanistic analysis of the elementary reactions is available and the explosion mechanisms are imderstood in detail. Accordingly, this reaction serves well as a model for other dangerous processes in the explosive regime such as many oxidations with pure oxygen. 

Some studies relating to the explosion mechanism of this military explosive (RDX... 

An experimental investigation of explosion hazards in lithium-sulfinyl chloride cells on forced discharge showed cathode limited cells are safe, but anode limited cells may explode without warning signs [1]. Extended reversal at -40°C caused explosion on warming to ambient temperature, owing to thermal runaway caused by accelerated corrosion of lithium [2], The violent explosion of a large prismatic cell of a battery is described [3], Another study of explosion mechanisms in lithium/thionyl chloride batteries is reported [4]... 

Self sustaining internal combustion propagating by means of molecular heat transfer slower than the speed of sound (the explosion mechanism gunpowder and other low explosives)... 

A combustible vapor explodes under a very specific set of conditions. There are two explosive mechanisms that need to be considered when evaluating combustible vapor incidents - detonations or deflagrations. A detonation is a shock reaction where the flames travel at supersonic speeds (i.e., faster than sound). Deflagrations are where the flames are traveling at subsonic speeds. 

Chemical reactions were shown to play a minor role in a smelt-water explosion, although gas samples from kraft smell-water incidents showed that hydrogen evolution could be correlated with Na2S content. There was general agreement that the explosion mechanism was physical in nature. 

Titanium-44 is thus an isotope of considerable astrophysical importance. Detection of its characteristic gamma line has aroused great enthusiasm amongst the nuclear astrophysics community because this isotope supplies precious clues as to the explosion mechanisms operating inside massive stars. Indeed, it allows us to determine the exact boundary between the part of the star which is imploding, to end up as a neutron star, and the part which is ejected and flies out into space, loaded with atomic nuclei manufactured by the star. It also provides... 

The conceptually simplest way of forming a black hole at the heart of a massive star, thereby setting up the conditions of the hypernova model, is to begin by repudiating the traditional explosion model detonated by neutrinos. The iron core then collapses without remission in the space of one second. A black hole prospers, pulling down the rest of the stellar edifice. This may be a common occurrence for stars of 35 to 40 Mq. However, uncertainties remain concerning convection, mass loss and mixing due to rotation, not to mention the explosion mechanism itself. 

Detonation (and Explosion), Mechanical Effects of. These include blast effects, which are described in Vol 2 of Encycl, pp B180 ff and shattering effect, described in Vol 2, pp B265 ff, under BRISANCE. The latter effect causes fragmentation of bombs, shells, grenades, rockets, mines, torpedoes,etc... 

Detonation (and Explosion), Mechanism of Initiation and Propagation of. See under Detonation (and Explosion), Initiation (Birth) and Propagation (Growth or Spread) in Explosive Substances... 

Detonation, Rubber Bonded Sheet Explosives. Mechanical and detonation properties of such explosives are discussed by W. Keg-ler R. bchall in the 4thONRSympDeton (1965), pp 496-50)... 

Comparison between the presupernova evolutionary model, hydrodynamical models and the observations imposes several interesting constraints on Menv and E, i.e., on the presupernova mass loss history, the explosion mechanism, and material mixing before and after the explosion. These are summarized as follows ... 

Boiling Point, °C Flash Point, °C Autoignition Point, °C Ignition/Explosion Mechanism Suppression Media... 

Since no astronomical standard candle is known - all proposed objects have been shown to be essentially non-uniform in one way or another - we nowadays have to calculate and plot the distance modulus for the objects. The scatter around the linear expansion line is less than 0.2 magnitudes or 20% Tonry et al. 2003. Independent of our ignorance of the exact explosion mechanism or the radiation transport in the explosions this proves that SNe la can reliably be used as a distance indicator in the local universe. This situation is very much comparable to the Cepheid stars, where the period-luminosity relation is based on empirical data of objects in the Magellanic Clouds. 

Autocatalytic release from sea-salt on ice, Bromine explosion mechanism... 

Figure 21 A schematic representation of the so-called Bromine explosion mechanism where effectively one BrO molecule is converted to two by oxidation of bromide from a suitable aerosol surface " ...

The aerosol "explosion mechanism, previously described for bromine, acts effectively to recycle the iodine back to the gas phase. 

BrO] show a pulse in the first two hours after dawn ascribed to the photolysis of inorganic bromine compounds produced either by the bromine explosion mechanism s or the photolysis of mixed bromo/ iodo-organohalogens S built up overnight. Using measured concentrations of BrO, 10 and HO2, the data in Table 7 show the ozone depletion cycle (Cycle type I) involving the BrO and lO cross-reaction is the most important with an O3 depletion rate of 0.3 ppbv h ... 

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