Experiments on metals

A range of compounds of the type M(L)I (where L = PC, or a substituted PC, and M = Ni, Co, Cu or Pt and 0 < x < 5) has been reported.90 All the compounds have room temperature conductivities much higher than the parent unoxidized compound. Studies reveal that for the system Ni(PC)Ix, when x < 113 is present, and when x> 1 another species in addition to I3 is present. Much further work needs to be done on these systems before they are fully understood. The importance of substituents on the PC ligand is shown by experiments on metal complexes in which the PC ligand contains four electron withdrawing substituents (e.g. Cl, N02 or S02H). No iodine uptake was observed and there was no increase in conductivity.90... 

So far we discussed the case for 4He escape. 3He escape must at least be as effective as 4He the 4He lifetime against Jeans escape can be shown to be 70 times greater than the 3He lifetime. In the case of 4He, an inflow flux into the atmosphere is essentially the radiogenic 4He from the solid Earth. However, a flux from the interplanetary space may become important in the case of 3He inventory. From He implantation experiment on metal foil collectors in the Skylab, a spacecraft operated in a circular orbit at the altitude of 443 km from 1973 to 1974, Lind, Geiss, and Stettler (1979) concluded that the solar wind 3He precipitating from the magnetosphere to the upper atmosphere is comparable to 3He degassing flux from the solid Earth. 

These are called stability surfaces. The variation of the different solution properties during the course of an experimental run can then be depicted as the upward projection of the experimental path from the two-dimensional grid onto the surface. This conveniently allows one to simulate and pictorially represent the results of various types of experiments on metal-multiligand mixtures. ... 

Boerhaave s notebooks show that he was busy experimenting on metals as early as 27 October 1693, when he was twenty-five years old. The Kirov Manuscript Collection in St. Petersburg holds Boerhaave s chemistry notebooks in which he wrote accounts of his experiments. Only two notebooks, microfilmed and brought to Leiden, are accessible for research. The first manuscript holds experiments from 1693 until 1698. The other describes experiments from 1718 until 1737. Two other notebooks, covering the period... 

It is likely that Boerhaave started his alchemical experiments earlier than 1693, while experimenting with his brother Jacob. However, no notes of these experiments can be found. It is likely that the experiments starting in October 1693 represent the start of Boerhaave s chemical career. Boerhaave not only graduated in medicine, but also after the incident on the canalboat, he had turned to a serious study of natural philosophy. Until his appointment as lecturer in medicine in 1701, Boerhaave seriously studied chemistry and he did many experiments on metals. 

A second notebook, containing experiments on metals starts in 1718, when Boerhaave was offered the chair of chemistry in the University of Leiden. With the chair also came a laboratory and money for improvement, for Boerhaave s predecessor, Jacob le Mort, had largely neglected the maintenance of the laboratory. Boerhaave asked for new ovens and instruments as well as for more space for spectators as he had observed that the laboratory was packed with students during his private demonstrations in the preceding years. He also wanted mles for the professor for the use of the laboratory and the rebuilding of a small room above the laboratory for the use of the professor. 

It is clear, however, that metal mobility through liquid silicate is rapid (Stevenson, 1990 Arculus et al., 1990) and equilibration mechanisms involving liquid metal and liquid silicate have been evaluated most extensively. Since the 1990s, many new experiments on metal-silicate systems have clearly increased our knowledge and understanding of chemical equilibrium in differentiated planets. Models for a deep magma ocean have... 

In the seventies. Me UPD experiments on metal single crystal faces as foreign substrates were started by Lorenz, Jiittner, Schmidt, Siegenthaler, Staikov, and Budevski et al. [3.87-3.109], Yeager et al. [3.83, 3.84], Bewick et al. [3.110-3.114],... 

Structural, spectroscopic, and dynamic measurements of adsorption at single-crystal surfaces form the basis of modern surface science, and more extensive reviews of these methodologies and the information that can be provided concerning adsorbates and surface reactions can be found elsewhere as well as within this volume. Most experiments on metal surfaces are carried out on single crystals of about 10-mm diameter which are cut and polished to within 0.5° of the desired crystal plane and cleaned and ordered in the UHV environment using ion bombardment, chemical reaction, and annealing. Single-crystal surfaces prepared... 

Experiments on the diffraction of electrons below 500 volts, however, show that here the ordinary interference equations no longer suffice. The first experiments on metals f showed that the wave-length calculated theoretically is greater than that found by experiment, and that the slower the electron, the greater the discrepancy. 

The development of EGD-EGA closely paralleled the introduction of controlled furnace atmosphere DTA and other thermal analysis techniques. In 1927, Orcel and Caillere (23) pointed out the importance of controlling the furnace atmosphere in DTA experiments on metallic chlorites. Some 20 years later, Berg (24) described perhaps the first EGD apparatus in which he... 

For decades the great majority of experiments on metal-hydrogen systems were carried out without actually looking at the samples. In many cases there was no need to... 

First scientific study of metal cutting was carried out by Frederic W. Taylor (1856-1915). He was employed in Midvale Steel Company. In 1886, he started experiments on metal cutting on a boring machine. He was trying to find out optimum cutting conditions and was encouraged by the president of Midvale, William Sellers. In 1889, Taylor left Midvale, but continued his project while... 

It must be emphasized that no information on the symmetry of the absorbing atom s environment can be derived from EXAFS experiments on metal particles, simply the number, identity, and distances of the neighboring atoms. Although... 

If a beam of electrons with a particular energy, dependent upon the extent to which they have been accelerated in an electric field. Is directed through a thin foil of metal (e.g. silver or gold), a photographic plate at the other side of the foil shows a circular diffraction pattern when developed. Experiments on metal foils were first carried out by G. 

In experiments on metallation of silacyclopentenes by organolithium compounds, the ROP was observed [100]. Weber et al. [101-108] showed that polymerization can be performed by treating monomer with catalytic amounts of alkyllithium compounds complexed with polar compounds (HMPA, TMEDA) in THF at -78°C. In terms of phenomenology, symmetrically [101-103] and un-symmetrically [101, 103, 105] disubstituted derivatives of l-silacyclopent-3-ene with methyl, phenyl, and vinyl radicals, hydro derivatives of l-silacyclopent-3-ene [106, 107], 1,1,3-trimethyl- and l,l,3,4-tetramethyl-l-silacyclopent-3-enes... 

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