Experimental procedure doping

To study the influence of the preparation conditions on the interface properties, a number of different interfaces have been prepared. Details of the preparation and the determined valence band offsets are listed in Table 4.2. The experiments include not only both deposition sequences, but also interfaces of Al-doped ZnO films, which have been conducted to elucidate the role of the undoped ZnO film as part of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell. Details of the experimental procedures and a full set of spectra for all experiments are given in [70]. Table 4.2 includes a number of interfaces between substrates of undoped ZnO films and evaporated CdS layers (ZOCS A-D). In a recent publication [90] different values were given for the valence band offsets, as the dependence of BEvb(CL) on the deposition conditions was not taken into account in this publication. 

Most of the research was done with 0.2 micrometer rated porous polypropylene (Accurel ) membrane, and the concentration of polyacetylene in the composite could be varied from 4 to 43 percent. Larger percentages should be possible. The membranes did not lose their flexibility, and membrane properties such as flux rates and bubble point pressure were not altered (see Experimental Procedure 1). As is the case for polyacetylene alone, the conductivity of these membranes could be varied depending upon the type and amount of dopant. Iodine doped laminates were the most stable of the two doped laminates investigated in this study. 

Powder neutron diffraction data for Bi 8 0 2 3 12 collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory s High FIux Beam Reactor. Details of the experimental procedure and Rietveld refinement have been reported previously (18). Starting parameters for Ce doped and pure Bi Mo 0. were taken from a single crystal x-ray diffraction study of Bi,.Ho 0-,. by Van den Elzen and Rieck (19a). 2 J 12... 

One other notable method has been used in the preparation of mixed transition metal molybdates, amongst many other oxide systems. This novel method(TT) involves preparation of the mixed metal oxides via an amorphous precursor such as a citrate salt of the appropriate metals, and then thermal decomposition of the complex to yield the resulting mixed oxides. The experimental procedures are described in four French patents(78-81), giving details of many different preparations including a proposed M0O3 rich, chromium doped iron molybdate, prepared as a possible selective oxidation catalyst. 

The experimental procedure so far we have tried is described in Figure 5. The starting non-dope powders were prepared by High Purity Chemicals Co. Ltd. The impurities for conduction type adjustment were added via mechanical alloying, using steel tumbler mill, in argon atmosphere. 

The experimental procedure for the preparation of the-polyacetylene/styrene-diene triblock polymer blend was essentially the same as that of the EPDM/polyacetylene blend. The polyacetylene/styrene-diene triblock polymer was doped with either I2 or FeClg in nitromethane. 

In an attempt to develop new, easy, and cheaper experimental procedures to prepare crystalline titania, it has been shown that anatase phase can be synthesized at room temperature without any previous or further thermal treatment [17,18], Furthermore, it has been shown that, for sol-gel-prepared titania samples, a doping process with cerium or copper oxides, as well as silica, can enhance the thermal stability of the anatase phase, producing very stable samples (up to 1000°C),... 

One means of improving endurance in athletic events is by increasing the number of erythrocytes in the blood, known as blood doping . The procedure involves the removal of about 1 litre of blood from the athlete. The blood is stored at a low temperature in the presence of glycerol to protect the erythrocytes from damage due to the freezing. The total number of red cells in the body is thus reduced but it takes about 5 weeks for the number to be restored to normal. The frozen blood can then be warmed and reinfused, increasing the total number of erythrocytes by about 10%. Experimental studies have shown... 

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