Experimental corroborations

The interpretation of the attachment process during flotation of small particles in terms of the heterocoagulation theory, as suggested by Derjaguin Dukhin (1960), has been considered in a number of review articles on the theory of flotation (Joy Robinson 1964, Usui 1972, Rao 1974) and was further confirmed in many studies (Derjaguin Shukakidse 1961, Jaycock Ottewil 1963, Rubin Lackay 1968, Devivo Karger 1970, Collins Jameson 1977). 

Ottewil et al. (1963) detected the maximum of floatability at the isoelectric point by varying the electrokinetic potential of silver iodide particles by adsorption of a cation-active surfactant. Furthermore, it has been established that the flotation rate is high within a narrow pH range and very low outside this range. In the former case the pH values correspond to very small potentials of the particle, i.e. in the vicinity of their isoelectric point, (Jaycock Ottewil 1963, Rubin Lackay 1968, Devivo Karger 1970). Addition of aluminium hydroxide extends the range of pH values which promotes flotation. 

the flotation of fine particles can be controlled with the aid of ionic surfactants and the floatability is ensured even in the case of non-electrostatic stability factors. As a corroboration of this, let us consider research into the floatability of quartz, Laskowski Kitchener (1969) have shown that the surface not only of pure but even of methylated quartz exhibits hydrophilic areas that contribute to stability of slurries and hinder flotation (Dibbs et al. 1972). The floatability of quartz was ensured within the range of concentration of dodecylamine chloride, 

The suggestions of Schulze are in agreement with the experimental data of Goddard et al. 

In recharging the bubble surface, the depth of the potential well formed beyond the limits of the barrier of non-electrostatic repulsion forces is insufficient to ensure the contactless flotation of large particles. Therefore, in the presence of the non-electrostatic component of the disjoining pressure recharging can cause the contactless flotation only if the particles are sufficiently small. 

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Finding (references)0 structure (references) Experimental corroboration (references)... 

By means of a series of approximations too involved to discuss in this paper, but which will be detailed in a subsequent paper of this series, it becomes possible to attribute to Eq. (1) an aura of theoretic ty comparable to that claimed for the equations of state more usually employed in detonation computations. Nevertheless, we would hesitate to suggest that Eq. (1) adequately describes interactions in actual C-J detonations if supporting evidence were based only on correspondence with an alternative calculational method based on unsubstantiated input data and limited experimental corroboration. 

This paper reviews the results of investigations into low-frequency mechanical and high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibration effects upon flowable polymeric systems, primarily, on molten commercial thermoplastics. We tried to systematize possible techniques to realize vibration in molding of polymers. Theoretical and experimental corroboration is provided for major effects obtained at cyclic (shear and bulk) strains of molten polymers and compositions based thereon. It is demonstrated that combined stress of polymeric media is attained under overlapping vibrations and this results in a decreased effective viscosity of the melts, a drop i the pressure required to extrude them through molding tools, increased critical velocities of unstable flow occurrence and a reduced load on the thrust elements of extruder screws. 

Figure 5.40 shows an experimental corroboration of the Importance of charge compensation. The figure gives the ratio between the adsorbed polyelectrolyte charge and the surface charge (defined by 9 = as a... 

Figure 14.25 gives the travel distance required to deposit 99% of the particles in a suspension as a function of the size (radius) of these particles for two chemical conditions (a = 1 and = 0.001). Theoretical background for the results in Figure 14.25 are given by Tobiason and O Melia (1988) and experimental corroboration was made by Martin et al. (1992). For questions of colloid transport in porous media see also McCarthy and Zachara (1989), McCarthy and Degueldre (1993), and Geschwend and Reynolds (1987). 

It is quite clear that distinguishing between the cyclic and the open-ring structures of the thiaziridineimine intermediate (31) is impossible based solely on the isolation and characterization of the final products (32) and (33). Nevertheless, their isolation in this case, or the isolation of cycloadducts containing the trapped intermediate moiety in other related cases, constitutes a strong experimental corroboration of their transitory existence. 

It will be clear that further experimental corroboration of these views is necessary and highly desirable. 

Further experimental corroboration of the intermediacy of diazenyl diradicals, such as (2), has been provided by an investigation of the viscosity... 

Here, the presented model is derived only for the linearized van der Pol equation, while the more realistic nonlinear case as well as calculated and experimentally corroborated data follow Refs. [37-50]. 

Some ideas for solution of this problem were proposed [26-28], but they did not get the proper experimental corroboration. We give the quotation to elucidate the situation which is formed. 

This fundamental result certainly indicates the intermolecular nature of the energy barrier to deformation in glassy polymers. An additional experimental corroboration of this viewpoint was obtained in the study of a series of poly(styrene-co-methacrylic acid) (PS-co-MAA) polymers with regularly varied IMI (Sect. 4.4). 

In the intermediate region, the viscous forces which arise primarily from the local flow field near the moving contact line, become the dominant balance for the surface tension forces. Thus, the flow field and interface shape are independent of the overall system geometry, which has been experimentally corroborated by several works (127-129). 

While the physiological cofactor of the second step of the ID-1 catalytic cycle has not been identified yet, it is customary to use DTT as the second substrate for in vitro experiments. Treatment of selenenyl iodide 55 with DTT in the presence of triethylamine afforded selenol 49 quantitatively (Scheme 11.35). Thus, all the chemical transformations included in the catalytic cycle shown in Scheme 11.29 were established experimentally, corroborating the involvement of a selenenyl iodide as an intermediate in the enzymatic reaction. 

The reaction mechanism was first proposed by Chauvin (in 1970) and was experimentally corroborated a few years later. 

There is also an additional conclusion that at least sometimes the flow table test can be used instead of the slump test to estimate the workability. Such a conclusion needs however further experimental corroboration. The obtained results are at least not contradictory to the only found recently published results of the flow-slump test dependence [7]. 

In contrast, the HNC/MSA predictions are much closer to experimental data. According to this model, for lower salt concentrations, the curves match fairly well with the experimental results, whereas for higher ionic strengths, the modest theoretical reversals in the mobility expected to come out are not experimentally corroborated. Anyway, the integral equations theory provides better results, especially for latex SNIO (Figure 3.3b). The hydrated ion radius chosen for the computation of these predictions was the same as in the examples shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2 (0.4nm) [30]. 

These results might serve as an experimental corroboration of the prolate conformation predicted by Wang and Warner " for the Nn or Nm phase (Fig. 2.36). 

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