Experiment of Aspect

Figure 11. Normalized coincidence rate as a function of the relative orientation of the transmission axes of the polarizers in the experiment of Aspect, Grangier, and Roger. The solid curve represents the quantum mechanical prediction.

Figure 15. The experiment of Aspect, Dalibard, and Roger with optical switches. Each switching device (Q, Cn) is followed by two polarizers in two different orientations. The arrangement is equivalent to one in which a single polarizer on each side is switched quickly between two orientations. L = 12 m.

The following three experiments introduce aspects of quality assurance and quality control. 

Although the Rouse theory is the source of numerous additional relationships, Eq. (3.98) is a highpoint for us, because it demonstrates that the viscosity we are dealing with in the Rouse theory for viscoelasticity is the same quantity that we would obtain in a flow experiment. Several aspects of this statement deserve amplification ... 

In this book we have decided to concentrate on purely synthetic applications of ionic liquids, just to keep the amount of material to a manageable level. FFowever, we think that synthetic and non-synthetic applications (and the people doing research in these areas) should not be treated separately for a number of reasons. Each area can profit from developments made in the other field, especially concerning the availability of physicochemical data and practical experience of development of technical processes using ionic liquids. In fact, in all production-scale chemical reactions some typically non-synthetic aspects (such as the heat capacity of the ionic liquid or product extraction from the ionic catalyst layer) have to be considered anyway. The most important reason for close collaboration by synthetic and non-synthetic scientists in the field of ionic liquid research is, however, the fact that in both areas an increase in the understanding of the ionic liquid material is the key factor for successful future development. 

Heimann, M. and Keeling, C. D. (1989). A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 transport based on observed winds 2. Model description and simulated tracer experiments. In "Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and Western Americas," Geophys. Monogr. Ser. vol. 55 (D. H. Peterson, ed.), pp. 237-275, AGU, Washington, DC. 

The parameters, mentioned however, have not been clearly interpreted in terms of quality, i.e. what aspect of quality is measured The IQC provides a framework for further investigations to demonstrate the meaning of these parameters. In the apple and carrot experiments of the Louis Bolk Instituut, we demonstrated some experimental parameters in food products grown with different balances between growth and differentiation. Biocrystallisation pictures in particular, are able to show both the life processes of growth and differentiation, and their integration. In future we expect to find the key to work out the relevance of coherence for health in the balance (the integration) between the life processes. 

The hazards identification procedures presented in chapter 10 include some aspects of risk assessment. The Dow F EI includes a calculation of the maximum probable property damage (MPPD) and the maximum probable days outage (MPDO). This is a form of consequences analysis. However, these numbers are obtained by some rather simple calculations involving published correlations. Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies provide information on how a particular accident occurs. This is a form of incident identification. No probabilities or numbers are used with the typical HAZOP study, although the experience of the review committee is used to decide on an appropriate course of action. 

Next we describe some work that is directed at the question, does the agreement with experiment of model potentials like the one in Eq. (9) imply that the models are right It seems unlikely that the answer is affirmative because of the great variety of equations which, over the years, have been reported to give precision fits to the thermodynamic excess function data apparently there is relatively little information in these data. More directly, we find that we can change some important aspects of the models within the scope of Eq. (9) and still fit the data for thermodynamic excess functions. Typical examples are given below. 

---