Expanded formula

Primary approximation A partially expanded, formula for Hn,open-The EOMXCCSD(PE3) method... 

The expanded formula shows each atom and bond. One type of condensed formula groups each C atom with its H atoms. Carbon-skeleton formulas show only carbon-carbon bonds and appear as zig-zag lines, often with branches. Each end or bend of a zig-zag line or branch represents a C atom attached to the number of H atoms that gives it a total of four bonds ... 

Figure 15.6 Depicting cycloalkanes. Cycloalkanes are usually drawn as regular polygons. Each side is a C—C bond, and each corner represents a C atom with its required number of H atoms. The expanded formulas show each bond in the molecule. The ball-and-stick and space-filling models show that, except for cyclopropane, the rings are not planar. These conformations minimize electron repulsions between adjacent H atoms. Cyclohexane (D) is shown in its more stable chair conformation.

Arts. The reaction is more clearly seen by using expanded formulas for both benzene and sulfuric acid ... 

Write expanded formulas for the following compounds and name them using the lUPAC system ... 

Systematic Name (Common Name) Expanded Formula Condensed and Skeleton Fomiulas Space-Filling Model Density (g/mL) Boiling Point (°C)... 

The comparatively inexpensive long-scale thermometer, widely used by students, is usually calibrated for complete immersion of the mercury column in the vapour or liquid. As generally employed for boiling point or melting point determinations, the entire column is neither surrounded by the vapour nor completely immersed in the liquid. The part of the mercury column exposed to the cooler air of the laboratory is obviously not expanded as much as the bulk of the mercury and hence the reading will be lower than the true temperature. The error thus introduced is not appreciable up to about 100°, but it may amount to 3-5° at 200° and 6-10° at 250°. The error due to the column of mercury exposed above the heating bath can be corrected by adding a stem correction, calculated by the formula ... 

Expand your answer to Problem 27 10 by showing the struc tural formula for each dipeptide m a manner that reveals the stereochemistry at the a carbon atom... 

Coal, considered a soHd hydrocarbon with a generic formula of CHq g, was explored by numerous workers (24—31) as a feedstock for the production of acetylene. Initially, the motivation for this work was to expand the market for the use of coal in the chemical process industry, and later when it was projected that the cost of ethylene would increase appreciably if pretroleum resources were depleted or constrained. 

The rate of stripping or the stripabiUty on cataly2ed urethane and epoxy resin finishes can be increased by adding formic acid, acetic acid, and phenol. Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and trisodium phosphate [10101-89-0] may be added to the formula to increase the stripabiUty on enamel and latex paints. Other activators include oleic acid [112-80-17, trichloroacetic acid [76-85-9], ammonia, triethanolamine [102-71-6], and monoethyl amine. Methylene chloride-type removers are unique in their abiUty to accept cosolvents and activators that allow the solution to be neutral, alkaline, or acidic. This abihty gready expands the number of coatings that can be removed with methylene chloride removers. 

Smectites (Montmorillonites). Smectites are the 2 1 clay minerals that carry a lattice charge and characteristically expand when solvated with water and alcohols, notably ethylene glycol and glycerol. In earUer Uterature, the term montmorillonite was used for both the group (now smectite) and the particular member of the group in which Mg is a significant substituent for Al in the octahedral layer. Typical formulas are shown in Table 2. Less common smectites include volkhonskoite [12286-87-2] hich. contains Cr " medmontite [12419-74-8], Cu " andpimeUte [12420-74-5], (12). 

Inspeetion during shutdown showed evidenee of blade erosion and pits loeated on the leading edge and the eoneave side of the trailing edge. For expanders operating at a eonstant speed, the veloeity diagram depends on the absolute speed of the mass earrier. The absolute speed, Cj, may be ealeulated from the nozzle formula ... 

Flemeon is the first standard reference book that presents the equations for calculating thermal updrafts. These equations are repeated and expanded in other standard reference books, including Heinsohn, Goodfellow, and the ACGIFl Industrial Ventilation Manual.These equations are derived from the more accurate formulas for heat transfer (Nusselt number) at natural convection (where density differences, due to temperature differences, provide the body force required to move the fluid) and both the detailed and the simplified formulas can be found in handbooks on thermodynamics (e.g., Perry--, and ASHRAE -). 

Sometimes, as with PCI5 and SF6, it is clear from the formula that the central atom has an expanded octet Often, however, it is by no means obvious that this is the case. At first glance, formulas such as C1F3 or XeF4 look completely straightforward. However, when you try to draw the Lewis structure it becomes clear that an expanded octet is involved. The number of electrons available after the skeleton is drawn is greater than the number required... 

Mole-mass, 55,70-72q Molecular formula A formula in which the number of atoms of each type in a molecule is indicated as a subscript after the symbol of the atom, 34,59-60 Molecular geometry The shape of a molecule, describing the relative positions of atoms, 175 193q electron pairs, 179t major features, 175-176 molecules with expanded octets, 181t molecules with unshared electron pairs, 181t... 

The CHF formulae (75)-(77) for the response tensors are established by expanding the Hartree-Fock energy [8],... 

Thole s polarizability parameters were selected to optimize the molecular polarizabilities for a set of 16 molecules. The method was later expanded to fit 52 molecules [146], It must be emphasized that this electric-field damping method is totally independent of the polarization scheme used. For the Drude and fluctuating charge methods only /i(r) is required, whereas for methods based on induced dipoles both /i(r) and /2(r) are necessary. In the context of the induced dipole model other models were proposed since the formula of Thole does not provide enough attenuation. For example, in Ref. [152] the field is evaluated using... 

Orthogonal Collocation The orthogonal collocation method has found widespread application in chemical engineering, particularly for chemical reaction engineering. In the collocation method, the dependent variable is expanded in a series of orthogonal polynomials. See "Interpolation and Finite Differences Lagrange Interpolation Formulas. ... 

Once the QFH formula for the excess chemical potential is linearized in (11.37), the logarithmic expression can be expanded to first order and all or part of the classical-average term can be integrated by parts to yield the Wigner-Kirkwood correction to the free energy. Then if (11.40) is reorganized, computation of the chemical potential can be viewed as a classical average with a modified interaction potential of the same form as (11.3). 

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