Exit Manifold

Flow rates through the system were controlled by quartz capillaries connected in parallel and were measured with a gas buret connected to the capillary tips. Using this method, a wide range of flow rates at various system pressures were attained. To obtain a particular flow rate, all valves except Vj and V3 in the reactant addition system (see Figure 2) were closed and the appropriate combination of capillary tips (in the exit manifold) were valved online. 

For wall temperature measurements 10 thermocouples are fixed on the heated part of the tube. Entrance and exit manifolds have pressure taps and thermocouples to measure the fluid pressure and temperature. A differential pressure sensor is also placed between the test section inlet and outlet. Heating the test section is performed by means of a low voltage U (0 - 2 V), high intensity 7(100-1800 A) power supply. 

Fig. 16. Flow patterns inside bundle (side views), (a) shows hollow fibers with left ends sealed and right ends open to exit manifold, (b) shows hollow fibers with both ends open to exit manifolds.

Figure 8.13 Cross-section of a conceptual syngas reactor for planar membranes showing the stacks of planar membranes (top), air feed manifolding to the stacks (middle) and the nonpermeate exit manifolding (bottom).

Fuel cell power generation system with multiple stack modules with inlet and exit manifolds for gas supply and water outflows, (a) 250 kW system with two 125 kW fuel cell stack module, (b) 2 MW power system with eight 250 kW fuel cell stack module, (c) 4 MW power system with an array of four 1 MW stack module. 

The vertical tube (water-cooled) generator consists of two concentric tubes the outer of which is cooled with water and acts as the ground electrode. Feed gas is introduced into the top of the inner stainless steel tube (which serves as the high voltage electrode), exits at the bottom of the outer tube, flows upward through the aimular space (which contains the electric discharge), and emerges at the top of the outer tube into a product gas manifold. 

Fig. 4. Schematic of a hemodialyzer. The design of a dialyzer is close to that of a sheU and tube heat exchanger. Blood enters through an inlet manifold, is distributed to a parallel bundle of fibers, and exits into a coUection manifold. Dialysate flows countercurrent in an external chamber the blood and dialysate are separated from the fibers by a polyurethane potting material. Housings are typically prepared from acrylate or polycarbonate. Production volume is...

The facdor K would be 1 in the case of full momentum recoveiy, or 0.5 in the case of negligible viscous losses in the portion of flow which remains in the pipe after the flow divides at a takeoff point (Denn, pp. 126-127). Experimental data (Van der Hegge Zijnen, Appl. Set. Re.s., A3,144-162 [1951-1953] and Bailey, ]. Mech. Eng. ScL, 17, 338-347 [1975]), while scattered, show that K is probably close to 0.5 for discharge manifolds. For inertiaUy dominated flows, Ap will be negative. For return manifolds the recovery factor K is close to 1.0, and the pressure drop between the first hole and the exit is given by... 

For return manifolds with K = 1.0 and 4fL/(3D) 1, 5 percent maldistribution is achieved when hole pressure drop is 20 times the pipe exit velocity head. 

Alternatively, reactant and product gases can be distributed to and removed from individual cells through internal pipes in a design analogous to that of filter presses, (iare must be exercised to assure an even flow distribution between the entiv and exit cells. The seals in internally manifolded stacks are generally not subject to electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses, but are more numerous than in externally manifolded stacks. 

At the Lipari Landfill site in New Jersey, the gas venting system installed in 1983 consisted of two underground 4-inch (10-cm) perforated PVC pipes and five vent risers. Two parallel PVC pipes were installed 200 feet apart prior to cap emplacement during the period of wall construction and were placed about 3 feet beneath the finished grade. The vent risers were connected to the buried manifold pipes and consisted of open pipe installed perpendicular to the underground pipes and the ground surface. Filters were not attached to the riser exit points (U.S. EPA, 1987). 

Basic difference Melt streams brought together outside die body (between extruder and die) and flow through the die as a composite Each melt stream has a separate manifold each polymer spreads independently of others they meet at die pre-land to die exit... 

Figure 5.15 Schematic of the multiphase packed bed reactor. Gas inlet (A) liquid distributor (B) catalyst inlets (Q exit port manifold (D) [11].

Figure 6 CL emission profile with the time (a) after mixing of reagents, initiation of reaction, entrance and exit from the flow cell (FC) of the chemiluminescent solution (b) and typical peaks recorded after successive injections of the same analyte into the manifold (c).

Although most resonances in the F+HCl system are clearly of the reagent type or product type, there are some mixed" cases. Because the resonance manifold is dense, degeneracies can occur between zero-order reagent-type or product-type states. Thus, the resonance wavefunctions for these states are linear combinations of entrance and exit channel expressions. 

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