Exchanger reformer KRES

KBR has designed a 4,000 tonne/day plant in which all the equipment is single-train except for the primary reformer and the ammonia converter, each of which consists of two identical, parallel units. The design uses the KAAPplus technology, which includes the KBR Reforming Exchanger system (KRES) and the KBR Purifier. These technologies are discussed earlier in this chapter and in Chapter 5215. 

Description The key steps in the KAAP plus process are reforming using the KBR reforming exchanger system (KRES), cryogenic purification of the synthesis gas and low-pressure ammonia synthesis using KAAP catalyst. 

Desulfurized feed is reacted with steam in the primary reformer (1) with exit temperature at about 700°C. Primary reformer effluent is reacted with excess air in the secondary reformer (2) with exit at about 900°C. The air compressor is normally a gas-driven turbine (3). Turbine exhaust is fed to the primary reformer and used as preheated combustion air. An alternative to the above described conventional reforming is to use KBR s reforming exchanger system (KRES), as described in KBR s KAAP plus. 

Description The catalytic-steam hydrocarbon reforming process produces raw synthesis gas by steam reforming in a heat exchange-based system under pressure based on the Kellogg Brown Root Reforming Exchange System (KRES). 

Kellogg Brown Root Ammonia, advanced Hydrocarbons/natural gas naphtha Catalytic-steam reforming process uses pressure-based Kellogg Reforming Exchange System (KRES) NA NA... 

Figure 51. Kellogg reforming exchanger system (KRES) 404]...

Montedison Low-Pressure Process. The Montedison low-pressure process [940], [1036], [1128], [1129] involves a split flow to two primary reformers. About 65% of the feed-steam mixture flows conventionally through the radiant tubes of a fired primary reformer followed by a secondary reformer. The balance of the feed-steam mixture passes through the tubes of a vertical exchanger reformer. This exchanger reformer has a tube sheet for the catalyst tubes at the mixed feed inlet. There is no tube sheet at the bottom of the tubes, where the reformed gas mixes directly with the secondary reformer effluent. The combined streams flow on the shell side to heat the reformer tubes in a manner similar to that described for the M. W. Kellogg KRES reformer, see Sections 4.1.1.8 and 5.1.4.3). The process air flow is stoichiometric. Synthesis is performed at 60 bar in a proprietary three-bed indirectly cooled converter with am-... 

M. W. Kellogg developed and commercialized their first Kellogg Reforming Exchanger System (KRES) in 1994. Figure 6.10 illustrates Kellogg s concept [291. 

Figure 6.10. Kellogg Reforming Exchanger System (KRES).

Another key feature of this new process is the patented KBR Reforming Exchanger System (KRES), which eliminates the need for the directly fired primary reformer furnace (fig. 6.11). This reduces capital costs by 5-8%, and emissions of NO and CO2 by 70-75%. The first KAAP process was installed for the Ocelot Ammonia Company s (now Pacific Ammonia Inc.) retrofit of its plant in Kitimat, British Columbia, in 1992 and when the first two new KAAP plants (for Farmland Misschem and PCS Nitrogen) were completed at Point Lisas, Trinidad, in July 1998, they became the world s largest ammonia facilities (each at 1,850 t/day) to date. ... 

The KRES (Kellogg Reforming Exchanger System) is a reforming process that provides syngas to the KAAP process. The KAAP (Kellogg Advanced... 

In the ATR, feed is partially combusted with excess air to supply the heat needed to reform the remaining hydrocarbon feed. The hot autothermal reformer effluent is fed to the shell side of the KRES reforming exchanger, where it combines with the reformed gas exiting the catalyst-packed tubes. The combined stream flows across the shell side of the reforming exchanger where it efficiently supplies heat to the reforming reaction inside the tubes. 

KRES-Kellogg Reforming Exchanger System. Undated brochure, M. W. Kellogg Co., Houston, TX, U.S.A. 

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