Excel significance testing

Many of the significance tests and other procedures summarized in this article (and many others) are very readily performed with the aid of Microsoft Excel , Minitab , and other widely available programs. Such software also gives instant access to the most important descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, s.e.m., confidence limits, etc.). In practice, the major problems are therefore (1) accurate entry of the experimental data into the program (this problem may not arise if an analytical instrument is directly interfaced to a PC) and (2) choice of the appropriate test once data entry has been successfully completed. Guidance on the latter... 

Toxicity. Sodium fluoroacetate is one of the most effective all-purpose rodenticides known (18). It is highly toxic to all species of rats tested and can be used either in water solution or in bait preparations. Its absence of objectionable taste and odor and its delayed effects lead to its excellent acceptance by rodents. It is nonvolatile, chemically stable, and not toxic or irritating to the unbroken skin of workers. Rats do not appear to develop any significant tolerance to this compound from nonlethal doses. However, it is extremely dangerous to humans, to common household pets, and to farm animals, and should only be used by experienced personnel. The rodent carcasses should be collected and destroyed since they remain poisonous for a long period of time to any animal that eats them. 

Although polyacetylene has served as an excellent prototype for understanding the chemistry and physics of electrical conductivity in organic polymers, its instabiUty in both the neutral and doped forms precludes any useful appHcation. In contrast to poly acetylene, both polyaniline and polypyrrole are significantly more stable as electrical conductors. When addressing polymer stabiUty it is necessary to know the environmental conditions to which it will be exposed these conditions can vary quite widely. For example, many of the electrode appHcations require long-term chemical and electrochemical stabihty at room temperature while the polymer is immersed in electrolyte. Aerospace appHcations, on the other hand, can have quite severe stabiHty restrictions with testing carried out at elevated temperatures and humidities. 

The related derivative (79), obtained by thermal rearrangement of the /V-oxide of (78), also exhibits excellent prodrug properties [110], This compound, when administered orally to mice, liberates excellent levels of norfloxacin and is slightly more effective in mouse protection tests than (78) and significantly better than norfloxacin. 

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