Examples of natural products

Fig. 30. Examples of natural products affecting the central nervous system.

Fig. 99. Examples of natural products that interfere with apoptosis.

Figure 2 Examples of natural product scaffolds missing from commercial sources.

Table 1.1 Examples of natural product nomenclature suffix usage...

A cyclopropane ring has the highest level of ring strain in the carbocycles. This means that they are rather susceptible to ring-opening reactions, but it does not mean that they are unstable and cannot exist. Indeed, there are many examples of natural products that contain cyclopropane rings, and these are perfectly stable under normal conditions. 

Table 2. Examples of Natural Products used for Weed Management in Organic Agriculture...

Natural products, derivatives, and extracts in development as drugs Examples of natural products, derivatives, and extracts in development as drugs are shown in Table 13.3, in the alphabetical order of therapeutic area. 

Examples of natural products that may have potential in augmenting host plant resistance against A. flavus infection are certain plant derived volatile compounds (78, 85) as described earlier. 

Figure 5. NIR spectra a, water and b, soybeans (example of natural product).

Numerous examples of natural products with the benzo[6]furan nucleus have been identified. It occurs under many guises dibenzofurans, /3-coumaranones, a-pyranobenzo[6]furans, y-pyranobenzo[6]furans, and the spiro-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans such as griseofulvin. Many of the natural benzo[6]furans have physiological, pharmacological and toxic properties and as a result an active interest exists in their chemical synthesis. 

The macrolide antibiotics provide us with excellent examples of natural products conforming to the acetate pathway, but composed principally of propionate units, or mixtures of propionate and acetate units. The macrolides are a large family of compounds, many with antibiotic activity, characterized by a macrocyclic lactone ring, typically 12, 14, or 16 membered, reflecting the number of units utilized. Zear-alenone (Figure 3.59), a toxin produced by the... 

In relation with resistance of weeds to herbicides, Duke et al. (2000) mentioned that new mechanisms of action for herbicides are highly desirable to fight evolution of resistance in weeds, to create or exploit unique market niches, and to cope with new regulatory legislation. Comparison of the known molecular target sites of synthetic herbicides and natural phytotoxins reveals that there is little redundancy. Comparatively little effort has been expended on determination of the sites of action of phytotoxins from natural sources, suggesting that intensive study of these molecules will reveal many more novel mechanisms of action. These authors gave some examples of natural products that inhibit unexploited steps in the amino acid, nucleic acid, and other biosynthetic pathways AAL-toxin, hydantocidin, and various plant-derived terpenoids. 

Scheme 3. Simple examples of natural products synthesis by alkyne metathesis with the Mortreux catalyst.

Fig. 1. Examples of natural product libraries by modification of core structures.

Examples of Natural Product Target Identification by ABPP. 50... 

Fig. 2 Examples of natural products whose targets have been identified by an affinity-based approach. The ellipse indicates the location used for immobilization on an affinity matrix...

This group is perhaps the most outstanding example of natural products that have provided leads for modification. 

Figure 11 Three examples of natural product scaffolds that have been diversified by decoration...

Organic synthesis is the construction of complex organic compounds from simple starting compounds by a series of chemical reactions. The compounds synthesized in nature are called natural products. Nature provides a plethora of organic compounds and many of these possess interesting chemical and pharmaceutical properties. Examples of natural products include cholesterol (1.1), a steroid found in most body tissues limonene (1.2), a terpene found in lemon and orange oils caffeine (1.3), a purine found in tea leaves and coffee beans and morphine (1.4), an alkaloid found in opium. 

There are numerous examples of natural products containing epoxides fused to other ring systems the examples presented here are representative. 

Table 4.7 Some examples of natural product extraction using NCW.

Figure 8 Examples of natural products from Photorhabdus spp.

---