Evolutionary economics

Laursen, K. and A. Salter. 2003. Searching low and high Why do firms use universities as a source of innovation Paper presented at the 3rd European Meeting on Applied Evolutionary Economics, Augsburg, Germany, 10-12 April. 

The features of the local production of medicines are shaped by the characteristics of the Kenyan economic and industrial systems, which in turn are the product of its economic history. To analyse this shaping, this chapter briefly presents and then applies an evolutionary economic understanding of industrial capabilities, focusing particularly on technological capabilities at the firm and industrial system level, their sources and evolution. This framework of industrial analysis is also used in a number of subsequent chapters in this book. It is particularly illuminating for the analysis of the development of an industry, pharmaceuticals, that is technologically demanding relative to the industrial and economic context in a low-income country such as Kenya. 

An, Mark Y., Nicholas M. Kiefer, 1995, Local Externalities and Societal Adoption of Technologies, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 5, 193-117. 

Cowan, Robin, John H. Miller, 1998, Technological Standards With Local Externalities and Decentralized Behaviour, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 8 (3), 285-296. 

David, Paul A., Dominique Foray, 1994, Dynamics of Competitive Technology Diffusion Through Local Network Structures The Case of EDI Standardisation, in L. Leydes-dorff, P. Van den Besselaar (eds.). Evolutionary Economics and Chaos Theory New Directions in Technology Studies, London Pinter, 63-78... 

Safarzynska, K., van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., 2010. Evolutionary modelling in economics a siuwey of methods and building blocks. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 20 (3), 329—373. 

Nelson, R. Winter, S. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. 

TNC.70. 1. Prigogine, From dynamical systems to socio-economic models, in International Symposium on Evolutionary Dynamics and Nonlinar Economics, University of Texas at Austin, 1989. 

Methods have been developed that are able to generate a minimum-area network for any given energy recovery, AT,. The minimum-area networks developed generally employ many heat exchangers and are not an economic solution. These may be used to start an evolutionary process to develop better networks. Rather than minimum total area, the concern should be with the way in which the area is distributed among the exchangers. The installed cost of... 

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