Everglades phosphorus

Davis III, S.E., Childers, D.L., Day, J.W., Rudnick, D.T., and Sklar, F.H. (2001) Wetland-water column exchange of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a southern everglades dwarf mangrove. Estuaries 24, 610-622. 

Originally, the water conservation areas were designed as buffer zones for waters destined for the southern Everglades and Everglades National Park. However, phosphorus impacts in these areas have shown signs of spreading to the pristine Everglades. Various... 

Fig. 3.18. Ion-pair chromatography of organic matter isolated from Water Conservation Area 2A in the Florida Everglades. Chromatography conditions as described in Fig. 3.11. Samples were concentrated by ultrafiltration and lyophilization by factors of —25. Injection volume was 20 jjlI. On-line ultraviolet detection indicated by solid line off-line phosphorus-specific detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) indicated by dotted line. Fractions were collected for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection at 1 min (1 ml) intervals. (AUS = absorbance units.)...

Cooper, W.T., Hsieh, Y.P., Landing, W.M., Proctor, L., Salters, V.J.M. and Wang, Y. (1999) The Speciation and Sources of Dissolved Phosphorus in the Everglades. Final report for contract C-E8625 to the South Florida Water Management District, SFWMD Contract C-E8625. Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. 

McCormick, P.V. and O Dell, M.B. (1996) Quantifying periphyton responses to phosphorus in the Florida Everglades a synoptic-experimental approach. Journal of the North American Ben-thological Society 1 5, 450-458. 

Because phosphatase activity is often a good indicator of phosphorus limitation, measurements of activity in field materials have been used for diverse purposes ranging from routine monitoring to attempts to understand the phosphorus dynamics of complex communities, such as periphyton in the Everglades (Newman et al., 2003). Possible substrates for assays using spectrophotometry or fluorimetry have been mentioned above. A detailed account of the procedure for using ELFP and subsequent quantification of fluorescence associated with individual cells was given by Nedoma et al. (2003). 

FIGURE 9.4 Soil phosphorus enrichment in the northern Everglades resulting from point sources of external loading to a wetland. (From DeBusk et al., 2004.)... 

FIGURE 9.5 Long-term phosphorus accumulation rates in the northern Everglades. (From Reddy et al., 1993.)... 

Drainage or fire in peat-based wetlands can result in alteration of soil phosphorus forms. Large areas of wetlands are located in the Everglades of south Florida. These wetlands are dominated... 

The EPCq can be used as an indicator of wetlands capacity to function as source or sink for phosphorus. Phosphorus loading can result in the loss of soil s buffering capacity to maintain low EPCq values (Eigure 9.24). The influence of soil phosphorus enrichment in WCA-2A soils of the Everglades on EPCq is shown in Eigure 9.25. 

FIGURE 9.27 Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of soils from northern Everglades (Water Conservation Area 2A) (Clark, 2002). 

The precipitation of phosphorus as calcium phosphate has been studied extensively by soil scientists in evaluating applied fertilizer reactions. Initial adsorption of phosphorus onto calcite is followed by precipitation as calcium phosphate. Similar reactions can occur at the soil-flood-water interface of calcareous wetlands. For example, long-term phosphorus accumulation in the Everglades marsh is linearly correlated with calcium accumulation, suggesting the possibility of phosphorus and CaCOj interactions (Reddy et al., 1993). 

FIGURE 9.40 Influence of phosphorus loading on microbial biomass phosphorus in soils of northern Everglades. (From Chua, 2000.)... 

FIGURE 9.43 Relationship between phosphorus concentration of live tissue and litter (A, wetland plants of temperate northern wetlands [from Bedford et ah, 1999] B, Typha and Cladium from northern Everglades C, bogs and fens [from Kellog and Bridgham, 2003]). 

FIGURE 9.49 Influence of phosphorus loading on alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in periphyton mats in the northern Everglades. (Newman, S., South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida.)... 

FIGURE 9.68 Soil pore water phosphorus profiles in select wetlands in Florida. WCA-2a = water conservation area-2 of the Everglades ESA = constructed wetland, Orlando, Florida Sunny Hill Farm = agricultural land converted to wetland. (Reddy, K. R., Unpublished Results, University of Florida.)... 

White, J. R. and K. R. Reddy. 2003. Nitrification and denitriflcation rates of everglades wetland soils along a phosphorus-impacted gradient. J. Environ. Qual. 32 2436-2443. 

Phosphorus Retention by Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) of the Everglades... 

FIGURE 17.10 Soil phosphorus concentration along the transect in WCA-2A of the Everglades (Reddy et ah, 1998). 

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