Evaporation, cooling towers

Cooling by means of evaporative cooling towers is required to maintain a constant temperature of 30—40°C. At higher temperatures, the deposit is rougher, impurity effects are more pronounced, lead codeposition is favored, and the manganese dioxide formed at the anode iacreases and tends to adhere rather than fall to the bottom of the cell. 

Rate of evaporation (cooling tower), gpm Ot eraU column efficiency, %... 

INDUSTRIAL Water Society Guide to Mechanical Draught Evaporative Cooling Towers Selection. Operation and Maintenance (London, 1987). 

Decreasing the heat duty on evaporative cooling tower circuits by better energy efficiency to decrease the evaporation from the cooling tower and hence, decrease the makeup requirements. 

Introducing air cooling to replace evaporative cooling towers (see Chapter 24). 

Noncontact cooling water is normally supplied to several processes from the utilities area. The system is either a loop that utilizes one or more evaporative cooling towers, or a once-through system with direct discharge. 

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Current Design Evaporative Cooling Tower Drift Eliminators... 

Counter-Flow Evaporative Cooling Tower Performance Modeling and Verification... 

Application of Corrugated Plate Packing to Improve Heat Transfer in Evaporative Cooling Towers)... 

Evaporative Cooling Tower Performance Predictions Hammill, M. P. Savery, C. W. 

This book gives state-of-the-art evaporative cooling tower techniques. Design practices and applications of modern cooling tower technology are presented. A design basis can be established through the detailed calculation procedures outlined and with selected use of the nearly 400 references compiled at the end of the book. Detailed abstracts of more than half of these references have been prepared so that the reader can readily obtain the most useful information for his or her specific problems. 

Cooling systems using evaporative cooling towers are often called open systems because the systems are open to the atmosphere. The evaporative cooling towers can be classified in a number of ways. There are natural draft and mechanical draft towers. (Incidentally, dry cooling towers are also available in natural draft or mechanical draft designs.)... 

Typically, for evaporative cooling towers, the following may apply ... 

Single stage ejectors Wiped film evaporators Cooling towers Drum dryers Elevators Crushers Blenders Kneaders... 

Applications for Evaporative Cooling Towers Cooling towers are commonly used in many commercid and industrial processes including... 

Wet Surface Air Cooler Basics The theory and principles for the design of WSACs are a combination of those known for evaporative cooling tower design and HX design. However, the design practices for engineering WSAC equipment remain a largely proprietary, technical... 

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