Evacuation strategies

Prior to an anticipated air release of a hazardous material, a circular evacuation strategy may be appropriate. Evacuation might also be initiated for a keyhole-shaped area baised on prevailing wind conditions. These strategies are illustrated below. When a large number of people aie involved, the evacuation should be staged, that is, arc ls closest to the site should be evacuated first and the evacuation zone gradually expanded. 

The scenario adopted in this paper involves people living on an offshore platform with a worst case loss of SOO lives if a storm destroys the platform and evacuation strategies fail. 

There is a tradeoff in the Case Study between evacuation strategies and structural hardening of the design. The latter is most likely uneconomic by comparison with the former... 

Sensitivity testing of assumptions and sceiuuio simulation modelling of storm /structural interactions will provide guidance as to tradeoffs inherent in an evacuation strategy. 

As an alternative to total evacuation, it is sometimes necessary to consider a progressive evacuation strategy. Progressive evacuation is typically adopted in hospitals where fire-resisting compartments are provided to allow the evacuation of non-ambulant patients on a phased basis whereby they are moved into adjoining compartments prior to assisted removal from the building. 

Width needed for escape - dependent upon whether simuitaneous or phased evacuation strategies are employed. 

In a large proportion of buildings a simple evacuation strategy will be adopted and on the operation of a manual call point or detection by an automatic fire detector, fire alarm sounders will provide warning and indicate the need for a full evacuation of the building. 

Kolen, B., Kok, M., Helsloot, I., Maaskant, B. 2012. EvacuAid A Probabilistic Model to Determine the Expected Loss of Life for Different Mass Evacuation Strategies During Flood Threats. Risk Analysis 33(7) 1312-1333. 

The CCTV Analysis Engine (CAE) connects to an existing CCTV and use the live video input to identify the location and number of occupants in the building. This information is then sent to core component of the lADSS, where the information is used to form situational awareness concerning the occupancy status. Based on the distribution of the occupants, the lADSS can assess and suggest evacuation strategies that direct people to use routes that are less hazardous and more efficient. 

Evacuation strategies to be examiitetl Real time people counting data Seltciedfiiecase... 

The precise fire scenarios and evacuation strategies will, by necessity, be unique to the station in questiom For the real-world trial, a station on the outskirts of Barcelona, Sant Cugat, was chosen. This station has a choice of exit routes yet contains a relatively straightforward layout. The station has two platforms platform 1 and platform 2. In order to allow easy data collection and reduce the scale of the dismption to passengers, only platform 2 and the associated three exits were used during the trials (see Figure 22.7). 

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