Eutectic liquid

Cu will be unaffected by the atmosphere, whilst at other atmospheric compositions the pure oxides will be stable. Figure 7.76 illustrates a simplified diagram at 871°C for three metallic elements Cr/Mn/Ni-S-O in a heat-resisting alloy the range for coal gasification is also included. It is clear that CrjOj is stable in all these atmospheres, but NiS will be stable under these atmospheric conditions above 620°C in the form of a eutectic liquid with Ni. Thus, an alloy of Cr and Ni may produce either of these phases or their mixtures leading to corrosion problems. 

As we reported previously (2), ring-alkylated MPD s sf pesr promising as candidate replacements for MDA. Certain of these conpounds are neat liquids at room tenperature, and others form eutectic liquids with MFD. It is also thought that the presence of the alkyl group on the ring might produce a less toxic, more easily metabolized conpound. 

The experimental practice for the study of current/potential characteristics requires the formation of an ohmic contact on the back of the electrode. The simplest technique consists in the application of a very thin layer of Ga—In eutectic liquid alloy, which wets the surface easily. But in the most rigorous method used in production lines, a highly doped 750-nm... 

When a solid particle of Au is placed on a Si substrate and Sil vapor is supplied in the heated system, whiskers of Si with Au droplets at the tips are formed. We know these are whiskers of Si, because only Si (S) grows in eutectic liquid droplets of Si-Au (L) formed by Au and Si supplied in the vapor phase (V). The Au-Si eutectic... 

Sodium-potassium eutectic liquid 100-1400 0 stainless steel needed above 1000°F... 

Volume-fraction effects on particle coarsening rates have been observed experimentally. For comparisons between theory and experiment, data from liquid+solid systems are far superior to those from solid+solid systems, as the latter are potentially strongly influenced by coherency stresses. Hardy and Voorhees studied Sn-rich and Pb-rich solid phases in Pb-Sn eutectic liquid over the range

presented data in support of the volume-fraction effect, as shown in Fig. 15.9 [7],... 

C The ternary eutectic liquid appears in the Cu—Mo—S system Cu + Cu2S + X-phase ternary eutectic(HqUid) + v... 

Wood85) has pointed out that, due to an important accident of geochemistry, the heat-generating elements K, Th, and U tend to concentrate in the first eutectic liquid that appears when a rock begins to melt. If as is generally the case, the melt is less dense than the residual solids, and tends to be driven towards the surface of the planet, it carries part of the heat-generating potential with it. This can profoundly affect the thermal history of a planet125). 

In the case of the CaO-MgO phase diagram shown in Figure 16.41, the MgO refractoiy phase will dissolve in tiie near eutectic liquid. Upon... 

Figure 21. Ratio of actual to ideal Li partial pressure above Pb-Li liquids (yu) as a function of liquid temperature. Actual" refers to pressures inferred from electromotive force data, while ideal" is the product of the Li atom fraction and the vapor pressure of pure Li. At 500°C, the actual Li partial pressure above high-Pb eutectic liquid is a factor of 1400 lower than the ideal solution prediction. Key O, EMF data and ——, fit to EMF data Knudsen cell data [s, 80% Pb ...

If a solution represented by the point is cooled, the representative point moves along the line P a the temperature falls while the composition remains the same. At a crystals of A begin to separate and the concentration of B in the solution increases. The system can now only exist in equilibrium when the state of the liquid phase follows the line aE. At E both A and B crystallize out and since the composition of the solution must now remain constant, the two solid phases must be produced in just the same mole fractions as exist in the eutectic liquid. ... 

A B-rich liquid forms at the reaction interface with the B4C as a result of this temperature rise. The first B-rich liquid in the system outside of molten boron occurs at 2165°C from eutectic reaction of B4C, C, and ZrCl (l. On further local heating (T > 2220°C), a continuous B-rich liquid can form between pure boron and the eutectic liquid. The exact composition of the B-rich liquid is unknown, but it appears to lie somewhere within the triangle formed by B4C, C, and ZrB2. 

Figure 9 compares the two methods for making bulk conductivity measurements on conductive base paper the pressurized stainless steel electrode method and the Ga-In eutectic liquid metal method. The conductivity is plotted as a function of voltage at 50% RH. For the stainless steel electrodes, at 2000 psi (13.8 MPa), the measured current is a superlinear function of voltage and a strong function of time 16), up to a voltage of approximately 10V. With the Ga-In electrodes this effect is noticeable only for applied potentials up to approximately 3V. Between 10 and 50V, the bulk conductivity measured by both methods is essentially independent of voltage, and the current traces are reproducible and show no time dependence. 

A study, similar to that described above, was made to compare the results of using optically polished stainless steel electrodes under pressure with Galium-Indium eutectic liquid electrodes in determining bulk conductivity of papers. The Ga-In alloy is believed to make intimate contact with the surface of the paper, thus significantly reducing the contact resistance. 

Above 600 °C, the formation of a eutectic liquid in the Ni-S-0 system at the metal-scale interface gives rise to grain-boundary penetration of the metal, as shown... 

Figure 7.14 Optical micrograph showing an example of grain-boundary penetration by eutectic liquid in the Ni-S-O system following penetration of a preformed oxide layer by SO2 at 1000 °C.

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