European Cooperative Study Group

The paradigm shift in 1980 on the causation of acute myocardial infarction to acute coronary occlusion by a thrombus created the rationale for thrombolytic therapy of this common lethal disease. At that time—and for the first time-intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in the European Cooperative Study Group trial was found to reduce mortality significantly. Later studies, with thousands of patients in each trial, provided enough statistical power for the 20% reduction in mortality to be considered statistically significant. Although the standard of care in areas with adequate facilities and experience in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) now favors catheterization and placement of a stent, thrombolytic therapy is still very important where PCI is not readily available. 

European Cooperative Study Group for Streptokinase Treatment in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1979 301 797-802. 

Lenderink T, Simoons ML, Van Es GA, Van de Werf F, Verstraete M, Arnold AE. Benefit of thrombolytic therapy is sustained throughout five years and is related to TTMI perfusion grade 3 but not grade 2 flow at discharge. The European Cooperative Study Group. Circulation 1995 92 1110-1116. 

Simoons ML, Arnold AE, Betriu A, et al., for the European Cooperative Study Group for recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA). Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction no additional benefit from immediate percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Lancet 1988 1 197-203. 

European Cooperative Study Group (1985). Randomized trial of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator versus intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet, 1, 842-847... 

Few trials of antiplatelet agents have distinguished between different vascular territories or mechanisms of stroke, but there are some data on antiplatelet agents in posterior circulation disease. The Canadian Cooperative Study Group (1978) showed that aspirin reduced recurrent episodes of cerebral ischemia and death in patients with vertebrobasilar events. The European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS Sivenius et al. 1991) of aspirin and immediate-release dipyridamole versus placebo appeared to show that patients with posterior circulation TIA benefited more than those with carotid disease, but the numbers of events were too small to be certain. 

Chevret S., HemmerM., Carlet J., and LangerM. (1993) Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia. Intern. Care Med. 19, 256-264. 

We will not deal here with the subject of EPR spectroscopy of the solid state. In this field of investigation a kind of delta-like approach such as that recently proposed to deal with molecular dynamics in the liquid state has developed naturally. According to the European Molecular Liquid Group (EMLG), the symbol A symbolizes the cooperative efforts of computer simulation, experiment, and theory. Knak Jensen and Hansen, for instance, carried out a computer simulation of the dynamics of N identical spins placed in a rigid simple cubic lattice subject to an external magnetic field Bq. a further example of numerical study is the paper of Sur and Lowe. Free-induction decay measurements,on the other hand, represent the experimental comer of this ideal triangle, the theoretical comer of which is, of course, expressed by the theoretical papers mentioned above. 

De Wit R, Roberts )T, Wilkinson PM et al. (2001) Equivalence of three or four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy and of a 3- or 5-day schedule in good prognosis germ cell cancer a randomised study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cooperative Group and the Medical Research Council. Journal of Clinical Oncology 19 1629-1640. 

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