Eu-S system

Eu—S system. — Europium sulphide, EuS, was first prepared by Beck and Nowacki [242] who reported the lattice constant as a = 5.957 ... 

McCulloch P (2012) The EU s system for regulating medical devices. BMJ 345 e71266... 

Analyses of developed countries e-waste management shows Japan to have perhaps the best-functioning system, in terms of scope and compliance levels. Korea, Canada, and Australia have well-advanced systems as well. Switzerland s system is seen as a model of comprehensive management, and the Swiss, Norway, Belgium, Sweden, and the Netherlands have all exceeded minimum EU e-waste directives collection and recycling targets. 

Until quite recently there have not been many systems for which experimental information for both optical and thermal processes were available. One such is the Eu(II)/Eu(III) exchange in the wurtzite-type mixed-valence Eu S lattice, with... 

The EU s future Chemicals Policy, of which the REACH system represents the centrepiece, is the tool for achieving these goals. REACH is based on the principle of documentation, evaluation and minimisation of risks resulting from chemicals - which is above all to be implemented by the industry itself. 

Eu—N system. — EuN was prepared [240] by direct combination of europium metal and nitrogen at 800° C. Keemm and Winkelmann s preparation [241] involved heating (700°) a mixture of finely divided europium and KC1 (1 3) in a stream of NH3. EuN, like SmN and YbN possesses the NaCl type structure. The lattice constant of EuN is a = 5.014 A according to Klemm and Winkelmann [241], and a = 5.007 0.004 A according to Eick et al [240]. However, the preparation of Eick et al. contained some impurity, possibly as oxide. 

This chapter will focus on some, but not all, of the areas in which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union (EU) regulatory authorities have attempted to coordinate their efforts to provide uniform rules and standards for the pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, we will review the efforts to harmonize approaches relating to inspections (including public disclosure of confidential information) and product approval or authorization (including clinical trials). While space limitations do not provide sufficient opportunity to describe each regulatory authority s system or the harmonization attempts in detail, it is our hope to provide some background of where the efforts are now, where the efforts are intended to go, and what we believe will be the results of these efforts. In addition, the author is much more familiar with the U.S. system than the EU system because of his experience and daily exposure with FDA, this chapter will focus more on the U.S. structure. 

As of this writing, there are a number of outstanding issues that remain unresolved and that could threaten the viability of the MRA. One of FDA s biggest concerns is the unharmonized definition of GMP and the EU member states interpretation and enforcement of quality system standards. Another potential problem is the EU s reluctance to conduct inspections of APIs, despite their inclusion in the pharmaceutical GMP annex. 

Canada has a system that is intermediate between the EU regulatory system (which is intended to be, at least ultimately, based on directives and/or regulations from the EC) and the U.S. system (where codes and standards are both developed by private companies and can be adopted, or not, by the various state and local governments). The National Building Code (NBC) of Canada can be different from provincial building codes, and standards are issued by private companies. 

EU Commission evaluation of a third country s system for accrediting private inspection or certification bodies. 

The sequence of rare earths in Thomsen s table was almost correct. He left a number of vacant spaces between Pr and Sm for element 61 (Pm), between Sm and Gd for Eu, between Tb and Er and between Er and Tm for Dy/Ho, and after Yb for Lu and Hf. Bohr was not the first to grasp the advantages of Thomsen s intergroup layout. Both Richards (1898) and the Australian chemist Steele (1901) adhered to the intergroup methodology. It must also be noted that Thomsen s system was not the first so-called... 

However, the (Zn,Cd)S system has several disadvantages. In the first place, the use of cadmium has become inacceptable for environmental reasons. The red phosphor on this basis has still another large disadvantage, viz. in order to obtain red emission the larger part of the broad band emission of this phosphor is situated in the near infrared. The maximum of the emission band is close to 680 nm. This implies that the lumen equivalent of this phosphor is low (2S%). For Y2O2S Eu with line emission this is 55% [ I ]. 

It can therefore be concluded that achieving the EU s goal of an OECD-wide carbon market is unlikely in the short term. Systems might become linked indirectly through links to third systems such as the CDM, which would yield some of the economic benefit of a direct bilateral link. However, with the conflicting views about the CDM in the USA, even this type of link is uncertain. 

Maple and Buchanan (1973) and Buchanan (1974) have studied thin films of La202S, Y2O2S and Gd202S with small additions of Eu, Tb or Tm, which produce, respectively, red, green and blue emission. Their samples were deposited by rf sputtering in an Ar-H2S gaseous mixture. The as-deposited film composition varies with the H2S pressure, e.g. in the case of the La-S system the following phases were identified ... 

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