Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide

ETHYL BENZENE ETHYL BROMIDE ETHYL CHLORIDE ETHYL ETHER ETHYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN ETHYLENE DIAMINE ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE ETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHYLENEIMINE ETHYLENE OXIDE DIETHYL KETONE DIETHYLENE GLYCOL GLYCOL ETHERS, ESTERS MEA, DEA. TEA VINYL ACETATE POLYMERS. COPOLYMERS... 

Alkoxylated polyethyleneimines are obtained by reacting polyethylene-imine with a molecular weight of 2500 to 35,000 with an excess of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide with respect to the ethyleneimine unit in the... 

In most cases the catalytically active metal complex moiety is attached to a polymer carrying tertiary phosphine units. Such phosphinated polymers can be prepared from well-known water soluble polymers such as poly(ethyleneimine), poly(acryhc acid) [90,91] or polyethers [92] (see also Chapter 2). The solubility of these catalysts is often pH-dependent [90,91,93] so they can be separated from the reaction mixture by proper manipulation of the pH. Some polymers, such as the poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers, have inverse temperature dependent solubihty in water and retain this property after functionahzation with PPh2 and subsequent complexation with rhodium(I). The effect of temperature was demonstrated in the hydrogenation of aqueous allyl alcohol, which proceeded rapidly at 0 °C but stopped completely at 40 °C at which temperature the catalyst precipitated hydrogenation resumed by coohng the solution to 0 °C [92]. Such smart catalysts may have special value in regulating the rate of strongly exothermic catalytic reactions. 

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) has been employed frequently as a water-soluble catalyst support [9]. Further water-soluble polymers investigated include other linear polymers such as poly(acrylic acid) [10], poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s [11], and copolymers of maleic anhydride and methylvinylether [12], as well as dendritic materials such as poly(ethyleneimin) [10a, c] or PEO derivatives of polyaryl ethers [13]. The term dendritic refers to a highly branched, tree-like structure and includes perfectly branched dendrimers as well as statistically branched, hyperbranched macromolecules. 

The reactions of the completely reduced compounds have attracted much attention because of their close relationship to piperazine. Thus it has been shown, as might be expected, that the 2-position in compounds such as the parent 100 can be readily acetylated and benzoylated" and ureas are formed with phenylisocyanate and phenylisothiocyanate." Compound 100 also reacts at the 2-position with p-acetamidobenzene-sulfonyl chloride to give a sulfonamide. There are several examples of the alkylation of the amine in the 2-position. Various alkyl halides -have been used, as well as ethylene oxide," p-nitrobenzoyl-ethyleneimine, " and l-guanyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole nitrate. Compound 100 also undergoes the Eschweiler-Clarke modification of the Leuckart reaction to give the 2-methyl compound." ... 

The complex surface chemistry of the metal oxides (section 4.2.1.2) is incompatible with their use in a number of chromatographic techniques. Polymer coated metal oxides are seen as an important approach to extending their scope. Alumina and zirconia particles coated with poly(butadiene), poly(styrene), poly(ethylene oxide), a copolymer of chloromethylstyrene and diethoxymethylvinylsilane and succinylated poly(ethyleneimine), for example, have been prepared for use in reversed-phase, size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography [44,46,54,120,134-137]. The methods of preparation are similar to those used for porous silica. 

Acyl chlorides react with ethylenediamine and polyamines forming acylated polyamines that can be used in further syntheses. Just as ethylene oxide is added to alkyl amine, so ethyleneimine is added to it in the presence of AICI3 or other Lewis acids to produce polyamines. Polyamines can be prepared also by the reaction of alkyl amine with acrylonitrile with a subsequent catalytic hydrogenation. 

Ethylene dibromide —> 1,2-Dibromoethane Ethylene dichloride —> 1,2-Dichloroethane Ethyleneimine —> Aziridine Ethylene oxide C—C 1.466 C—H 1.085 MW... 

Ethyleneimine, which possesses the same tight structure as ethylene oxide, polymerises easily through a cationic mechanism. As the detailed mechanism is quite complex, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) is usually a branched polymer containing primary, secondary and tertiary amine groups in the approximate ratio 1 2 1. Synthesis by cationic polymerisation of linear PEI designed to be used for gene delivery has been reported. 

One promising approach to producing a true molecular composite is to make rod and coil components thermodynamically miscible by introducing attractive interactions, such as hydrogen bonds (16-18), between them. This method has proven useful for enhancing miscibility in flexible-flexible blends. Even more useful (stronger) interactions may be ionic interactions, such as ion-ion and ion-dipole interactions various studies on ionomer blends have demonstrated that ionic interactions can enhance the miscibility of otherwise immiscible polymer pairs (79). Polymers studied include polystyrene, poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(ethyleneimine), nylon, and poly (ethylene oxide) (20-22). 

Carmichael, A.Y., Caba, B.L., Huffsteder, P.P., Davis, R.M. and Riffle, J.S. (2004) Synthesis and solution properties of poly(ethylene oxide-B-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(ethylene oxide-B-ethyleneimine). ACS Polym. Prepr. (Div. Polym. Chem.), 45(2), A76-A77. 

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